Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are enzymes examples of |
Biological catalyst Globular protein |
|
|
What are the 2 types of metabolism |
Catabolic Anabolic |
|
|
Define catabolic |
Break down of x |
|
|
Anabolic |
Synthesis of x from smaller ones |
|
|
Eg of intracellular enzyme |
Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide Used by white blood cell to kill microbes |
|
|
2 eg of extracellular enzyme |
Amylase Trypsin |
|
|
What does amylase do |
Made in salivary gland of digest amylose |
|
|
What does trypsin do |
Made in pancreas digest protein |
|
|
What are cofactor |
Binds to enzyme, activate, increase product |
|
|
2 types of cofactors |
Co-enzymes Prosthetic group |
|
|
Similarities and differences between co-enzymes and prosthetic group and cofactors |
Cofactors: Non organic Temporarily binds Coenzyme : Organic Non protein Temporarily binds to enzyme
Prosthetic group: Organic or inorganic Non protein Permanently binds to enzyme |
|
|
Describe inhibitors |
Decrease product formation |
|
|
Different between the 2 types of inhibitors |
Competitive competes with substrate Non competitive binds to alosteric site in enzyme, changing active site |
|
|
Eg of prosthetic group |
Zn 2+ in carbonic anhydrase |
|
|
Eg of cofactor |
Cl- for amylase |
|
|
Eg of coenzymes |
Vitamin |
|
|
Two types of hypothesis and how it works |
Induced fit Lock and key |
|
|
5 factors effecting rate of reaction |
Temp Ph Enzyme conc Substrate conc Inhibitors |
|
|
Effect of temp on rate of reaction |
More kinetic; frequent collision with higher force; successful collision
Rate of formation of enzyme substrate complex increase
Optimum temp
Denature ( hydrogen .ionic. break)
Shape active site change |
|
|
What are buffers |
Resist ph change by donating or accepting protons |
|
|
What ph is acidic etc... |
|
|
|
Effect of ph |
High and low bread hydrogen or ionic bonds |
|
|
What is it called when all the enzymes are saturated with substrate |
Vmax |
|
|
Graph if no inhibitor, competitive and non competitive |
|
|
|
Explain end product inhibition |
End product acts as non competitive, revirsible inhibitor Negative feedback |
|
|
2 eg of poison as inhibitors |
Cyanide Snake venom |
|
|
How does cyanide work and what does it do |
KCN inhibits aerobic respiration and catalase Hydrolysed by digestion to hydrogen cyanide gas which dissociates into H+ and CN- CN- is irreversible inhibitor to mitochondrial enzyme |
|
|
Explain how snake venom acts as an inhibitor |
acetylcholinesterase Breakdown neurotransmitter in synapse after musxle excitation but if inhibited Muscles stay contracted Paralysis, breathing suffocation |
|
|
Aspirin as inhibitor |
Inhibits production of postaglandins which cause inflammation and nerve sensitivity Aspirin thins blood to prevent stroke |
|
|
Digitalis from foxgloves as inhibitor |
Inhibits na k pump; more ca2+ enter cells Ca2+ increase muscle contraction, strong heart beat |
