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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neutralisation
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A reaction between and Acid and a Base that produces a salt and water. Acid + Base —> Salt + Water |
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Hydrochloric Acid - HCl |
A strong acid with a pH of 1. Used commonly in lab experiments due to its corrosive nature. |
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Sulfuric Acid - H2SO4
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A strong acid with a pH of 0.3 Composed of hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen. |
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Nitric Acid - HNO3 |
A strong acid with a pH of 1 |
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Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH
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A strong base with a pH of 12. |
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NH3 - Ammonia
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A base with a pH of 11.6 |
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Combustion Reaction
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A reaction, in which a fuel reacts with oxygen to produce an oxidised form of the fuel and heat. |
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Metal / Acid Reactions |
When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces a salt and hydrogen gas. Metal + Acid —> Salt + Hydrogen Gas |
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Carbonate / Acid Reactions |
When an acid reacts with a carbonate, it produces a salt, water and carbon dioxide. Acid + Carbonate —> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide |
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Exothermic Reaction
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A reaction that produces heat. There is more energy in the reactants than the products, and give off the excess energy. |
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Endothermic
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A reaction that requires heat to operate, making it feel cold. There is more energy in the products than the reactants, and draw in the energy from its surroundings, making it feel cold. |
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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Matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed. This applies to chemical reactions as: The mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants. |
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Mass & Atomic Numbers
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The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. In a stable element, it will also equal the number of electrons in the electron cloud. |
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Isotopes
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An atom that has more that one configuration, with the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons. |
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Properties of Acids
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They taste sour. Turn blue litmus paper red Turn Universal Indicator Solution Red React strongly with metals. Conduct electricity Corrosive. |
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Properties of Bases |
They taste bitter Feel slippery Turn red litmus paper blue Turn Universal Indicator Solution Blue Conduct electricity Corrosive |
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pH scale
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A scale upon which the acidity, and alkalinity of substances are measured. Each pH unit is tenfold more or less than the previous (pH of 1 is ten times more acidic than 2). |
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Reactants
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Chemicals that react together to produce a new substance. Are used up in a reaction. Their chemical bonds are broken. |
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Products
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Chemicals that are produced in a chemical reaction. Their bonds are rebuilt in a chemical reaction. Their mass are equal to that of the products. |
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Chemical Change
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When substances are changed into new chemicals. Indicators of a chemical change are: Light produced. Temperature change Precipitate formed Gas formed (bubbling) Colour change |
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Physical Change
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When a substance changes its appearance, but not its chemical makeup. A change of state or shape. |
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Respiration - formula and process
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The combustion reaction that undergoes in every cell, that turns the sugar - glucose - into energy. Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water (Heat) Heat is the energy for the atom. |
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Household Acids
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Lemon Juice - Citric Vinegar - Acetic / Ethanoic Vitamin C - Ascorbic Fertiliser - Sulphuric / Nitric Batteries - Battery acid. |
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Household Bases |
Soaps Ammonia Drain Cleaner Chalk Oven Cleaner Blood |
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Radioactive Decay
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When a radio isotope breaks undergoes the process of alpha, beta or gamma decay. |
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Half Life
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The time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay. |
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Symbols and Properties of α, β, γ radiation ( and penetration)
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α - Alpha Can be stopped by paper. β - Beta Can be stopped by thin plastic or wood. γ - Gamma Only stopped by thick lead & concrete. |
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Lab tests for gases
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When a split is put in a test tube with a gas: Carbon Dioxide - the flame goes out Oxygen - the flame flares up Hydrogen - creates a popping sound |
