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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the structure and function of the different layers of vessels |
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Describe the location of 9 pulses |
•Femoral pulse: Mid inguinal point –halfway between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphisis •Popliteal pulse: Above the knee in the popliteal fossa, found by holding the bent knee •Dorsalis pedis pulse: Top of the foot, immediately lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus •Posterior tibial pulse: Medial side of the ankle, 2cm inferior and 2cm posterior to the medial malleolus •Axillary pulse: Located inferiorly on the lateral wall of the axilla •Brachial pulse: Located on the inside of the upper arm near the elbow •Radial Pulse: Lateral aspect of wrist and also anatomical snuff box •Ulnar pulse: Located on the medial aspect of the wrist •Carotid pulse: Between the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, above the hyoid bone and lateral to the thyroid cartilage. |
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Describe atherosclerosis |
•Presence of focal plaques within the intima containing cholesterol and cholesterol esters •Affects large and medium sized arteries •Chronic inflammatory response of the vascular wall to endothelial injury or dysfunction •Activation of endothelial cells •Recruitment of monocytes/macrophages (chronic inflammatory cells) •Formation of foam cells –fatty streaks •Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) •Deposition of extracellular matrix proteins |
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What are the main components of a atherosclerotic plaque? |
•Cellular (SMC, macrophages, WBC) •Extracellular matrix (ECM): collagen, elastin and prostaglandins •Lipid (Cholesterol) |
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List modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis |
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Define aneurysmal disease |
“Localized dilatation of the affected artery over 50% of normal diameter” |
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What is Laplace's law? |
Tension varies directly with radius when pressure is constant |
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Give 6 causes of aneuryms with examples |
•Atherosclerotic •Congenital -Marfan’s syndrome, Berry aneurysms •Post-stenotic -Coarctation of the aorta, Cervical rib, Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome •Traumatic -Gunshot, stab wounds, arterial punctures •Inflammatory -Takayasu’sdisease, Behcet’s disease •Mycotic -Bacterial endocarditis, syphilis |
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Define embolim |
Embolism is the blockage of a blood vessel by solid, liquid or gas at a site distant from its origin |
