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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define tumour |
"an excessive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells due to an irreversible genetic change, which is passed from one tumour cell to its progeny" |
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what is the difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy |
hyperplasia: increase in size of organ due to increased cell proliferation hypertrophy: increase in size of organ due to increase in cell size |
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Describe the difference between a benign and malignant tumour |
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define metaplasia |
- a reversible change from one differentiated tissue to type to another - often the tissue is more suited to the environment - can be a precursor to dsyplasia or cancer |
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What is the name for a malignant tumour in each of the following tissue origins; epithelial connective lymphoid haematopoietic primitive nerve cells melanocytes |
epithelial: carcinoma connective: sarcoma lymphoid: lymphoma haematopoietic: leukaemia primitive nerve cells: blastoma melanocytes: melanoma |
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What are the four ways in which a tumour can spread? |
local invasion lymphatic system blood transcoelemic |
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What are the four effects of malignant tumours, giving examples of each |
- local effects (e.g. mass with pain, may obstruct hollow organ) - metastatic effects (depends on site e.g. brain may cause siezures or stroke, liver may cause jaundice, bone marrow may cause thrombocytopaenia) - non-metastatic effects (e.g. weight loss, fever, anaemia) - paraneoplastic syndromes (due to hormone secretion e.g. parathyrid hormore related proteins increases serum calcium) |
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What is the difference between the grade and stage of a tumour? |
- grade is how closely the tumour resembles normal tissue - stage is how far the tumour has spread e.g. confined to organ, spread to nodes etc |
