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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are some characteristics of uncontrolled growth in tumors?
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invasiveness
metastases - via MMP capacity for dedifferentiation ability to accumulate mutations uncontrolled growth |
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what is a kill ratio
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given dose of a cytotoxic drug that destorys a constant fraction of the malignant cells
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what is the difference between cell cycle specific and non specific?
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CCS only acts in active cells/cells traversing the cell cycle
CCNS acts on Go/resting phase, has worse toxicity |
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what are some alkylating agents that can be used in tx of brain tumors because they can cross the BBB
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lomustine, carmustine
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what is the MOA of alkylating agents?
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alkylation @ n7 position of guanine. they allows cross linking within a DNA strand to occur --> miscoding, depurination, and strand breakage
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what are some SE of nitrosoureas?
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neurotoxicity --> nausea and vomiting in acute phase
chronic phase : leukopenia sterility carcinogenic alopecia thrombocytopenia |
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which alkylating drug will give you pulmonary fibrosis and hepatic toxicity?
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busulfan
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which will be activated in the liver and could lead to hemorrhagic cystitis if acrolein is made
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cychlophosphamide
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what is the rescue agent to form an inactive compound with acrolein so hemorrhagic cystitis doesn't occur with cyclophosphamide use?
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mesna
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what is a SE of cyclophosphamide?
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hepatotoxicity
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what are some Rx uses of cyclphosphamide?
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BON NHL
breast ovarian neuroblastoma NHL |
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what is the MOA of procarbazine?
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forms h202 --> free radicals and dna strand scission
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what are some SE of procarbazine?
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bone marrow suppression, *leukomogenic, teratogenic, *pulmonary toxicity
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what are some platinum analogs and how do they work?
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they complex and react with DNA, forming intra interstrand cross links --> cytotoxic effects
cisplatin carboplatin |
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what are some SE of cisplatin/carboplatin?
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cisplatin : nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
carboplatin: myelosuppression |
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what is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase --> inhibition of formation of thymidine and therfore no DNA synthesis
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mtx
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mtx does NOT cross the BBB. how does it get into the brain?
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if injected intrathecally
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what are some SE of mtx?
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nephrotoxicity
bone marrow depression mucositis |
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what is a rescue drug for mtx?
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leucovorin
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leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer all use what drug that they all have in common?
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mtx
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this drug needs HGPRT to convert it to its active form. inhibits several enzymes needed for purine synthesis and with formation of NDA/RNA
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6 thiopurines
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what are some SE of 6 mercaptoppurine, 6-thioguanine
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HIM
hepatotoxicity immunosuppression myelosuppresion |
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what is the main tx for ALL (acute loymphocytic leukemia)
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purine antagonists
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this inhibits DNA pol alpha and beta
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fludarabine
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pyrimidine antagonist
SE: nausea, diarrhea, mucositis, bone marrow depression, alopecia |
5 FU
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what are the therapeutic uses for 5FU
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think of follicles and upper
ovarian, breast, head and neck cancers |
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this drug is S phase specific and activity is limited to hematologic malignancies
- blocks DNA pol a and b |
cytabarine
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what does cytabarine treat?
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ALL
Acute myelogenous leukemia |
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what is the MOA of gemcitabine?
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inhibits ribonucleotide reductase --> decreases pool of nucleotides for DNA synthesis
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what is the only durg that is first line treatment of pancreatic ca?
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gemcitabine
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what drug blocks the formation of mitotic spindles and thus prevents assembly of MT
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vinca alkaloids
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what SE include myelosuppresion, painful ulcerations if extravasation occurs, and GI problems
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vinblastine
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i am used to treat hodgkin, NHL, breast cancer, testicular and i am a plant alkaloid that works on the M phase
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vinblastine
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i am used to treat ALL, hodgkin, leukemia, wilms and i also have tingling in my extremities and constipation as a SE and i am a plant alkaloid
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vincrinstine
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this drug's MOA is to build MT and then interfere with the mitotic spindle, preventing the MT disassembly into tubulin monomers
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taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel)
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what drugs work in the M phase?
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paclitaxel, vincristine, vinblastine
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what drugs have neurotoxicity?
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paclitaxel, vinblastine, cisplatin
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which drug works in the late s phase to the g2 phase?
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etoposides
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what is the MOA of etoposides
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inhibit dna pol II by forming a tertiary compelx --> strand breakage
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which one is used for solid tumors, lung cancer, hodkins, and NHL
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etoposide
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what is the MOA of camptothecins
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inhibits topoisomerase I and prevents tsrand ligation --> DNA damage
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which camptothecin must be converted to its active form
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irinotecan
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this anthracycline has major cardiotoxicity as a SE and may exacerbate CHF and cardiomyopathies
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doxorubicin
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which drug is cell cycle specific and chelates Fe2+ on one end and binds DNA on the other end and stops the cell cycle at g2?
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bleomycin
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what are the se of bleomycin
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pulmonary fibrosis ** main one
mucocutaneous rxn alopecia |
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what inhibits topoisomerase Ii but is an anthracycline and is used for pediatric tumors
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dactiniomycin
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what is used for hypoxic tumor cells
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mitomycin
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this is used to suppress the immune system before you get an organ transplant
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prednisone
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name the 2 treatments for breast cancer
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tamoxifen and trastuzumab
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which drug has a specific affinity for breast CA via binding to HER-2
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trastuzumab
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what is a tx for prostate cancer
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flutamide leuprolide goserelin
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what is a treatment for advanced breast cancer via inhibiting estrogen from being made by blocking aromatase
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anastrozole letrozol exemestane
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this inhibits PDGF and should NOT be used if you have torsades
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nilotinib
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what are the bone marrow sparing agents
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cisplatin, bleomycin, vincristine
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combining what 2 drugs can decrease the likelihood of gaining resistance?
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mtx + vincristine
if resistance does develop it is dt p glycoprotein which transports foreign molecules out of the cell |