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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxidase Positive GN organisms
- list them. |
- Pseudomonas
- Vibrio Cholera - Campylobacter jejuni |
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Oxidase Positive GN organisms
- which one grows in alkaline solution? |
- Vibrio Cholera
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Oxidase Positive GN organisms
- which one grows in 37 degrees celcius |
- Campylobacter jejuni
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Oxidase Positive GN organisms
- which one is a rod? - which one is comma shaped? |
Rod = Pseudomonas
Comma = Vibrio & Campylobacter |
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Lactose Fermenters (Rods)
- tested on what lab test? - positive lab result shows up how? |
- MacConkey's agar
(maConKEE'S agar) - pink |
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Lactose Fermenters (Rods)
- list the lactose fermenters |
(lactose is KEE)
- Klebsiella - E. coli - Enterobacter (also slow fermenters include Citrobacter & Serratia spp.) |
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Lactose NON-Fermenters (Rods)
- list them |
- Pseudomonas
- Proteus - Salmonella - Shigella |
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Lactose NON-Fermenters (Rods)
- which one is Oxidase positive |
- Pseudomonas
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How do you differentiate the 2 Neisseria spp based on fermentation?
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N. Meningitidis
- ferments Maltose & Glucose N. Gonorrheae - ferments Glucose |
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GN bugs & PCN
- generally, GN bacilli are resistant or sensitive to PCN G? - what about PCN derivatives like ampicillin |
- Resistant
- Sensitive |
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GN bugs & PCN
- what component of GN bacteria allows for its resistance to PCN G & Vancomycin? |
- Outer cell membrane
- prevents entry of PCN G & Vancomycin from entering |
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NEISSERIA
- which species ferments glucose - which species ferments maltose - which species produces IgA protease |
- both
- N. meningitidis - both |
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NEISSERIA
- which species has a capsule? - which species has a vaccine? |
- N. meningitidis
- N. meningitidis |
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NEISSERIA
- Gonococci have no vaccine because why? |
rapid ANTIGENIC VARIATION
of PILUS PROTEINS |
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NEISSERIA
- Meningococci does have a vaccine except for which type? |
- Type B has no vaccine
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NEISSERIA
- how is Meningococci transmitted - how is Gonococci transmitted |
- Oral & Respiratory droplets
- STD |
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NEISSERIA
- Gonococci causes gonorrhea and what other diseases? x4 |
- PID
- Neonatal conjunctivitis - Septic arthritis - Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome |
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NEISSERIA
- Meningococci causes what diseases? |
- Meningococcemia
- Meningitis - Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome |
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NEISSERIA
- Close contacts of someone infected with N. meningitis, can receive what prophylactic? |
- Rifampin
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NEISSERIA
- causes what disease associated with pregnancy? - causes what disease associated with neonates? |
- PID
- Neonatal conjunctivitis |
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HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
- causes what diseases? |
(hEMOPhilus)
- Epiglotitis - Meningitis - Otitis Media - Pneumonia |
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HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
- Most invasive disease is caused by which subtype? |
- Capsular Type B
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HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
- can be grown with what other bacterial organism? - why so? |
- Staph. aureus
- because Staph. aureus provides Factor V |
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HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
- Vaccine is contains what component of H. influenzae? - this is conjugated to what? - when do you give the vaccine |
- Capsular type B
- Diphtheria Toxoid - between 2 to 18 months |
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Treatment for Meningitis
Prophylactic for Meningitis (close contacts) |
- Ceftriaxone
- Rifampin |
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LEGIONELLA
- Legionnaire's disease symptoms |
Pneumonia + Fever
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LEGIONELLA
- besides Legionnaire's disease, what other disease does it cause? - symptoms of this dz |
- Pontiac fever
- Mild flu symptoms |
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LEGIONELLA
- Detected clinically how? |
- Antigens in the Urine
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LEGIONELLA
- what type of transmission is impossible |
- Person to Person transmission is impossible
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LEGIONELLA
- Treatment |
- Erythromycin
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PSEUDOMONAS
- causes what diseases? |
(PSEUDO)
- Pneumonia - Sepsis (black skin lesions) - External Otitis - UTI's - Drug use Osteomyelitis - Diabetic Osteomyelitis |
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PSEUDOMONAS
- what are 2 conditions you worry about with Diabetics? |
- DM Osteomyelitis
- Malignant Otitis Externa in DM |
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PSEUDOMONAS
- what toxins does it make? - each toxin has what effects? |
Exotoxin A
- inactivates EF-2 Endotoxin - Fever, Shock |
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PSEUDOMONAS
- the actions of Exotoxin A is similar in its effects to the toxin of what other bacteria? - what are the effects? |
- Cornyebacterium Diphtheriae
(ADP riboxylating AB Toxin) - both inactivate EF-2 |
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PSEUDOMONAS
- Tx |
Aminoglycosides
+ Extended spectrum PCN (i.e. - piperacillin, ticarcillin) |
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E. COLI
Which one produces Shiga-like Toxin a.) EPEC b.) EIEC c.) ETEC d.) EHEC |
EIEC
EHEC |
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E. COLI
Which one produces Heat Labile & Heat Stabile toxins? a.) EPEC b.) EIEC c.) ETEC d.) EHEC |
ETEC
(Endoxin Two E. Coli) |
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E. COLI
Which ones do NOT invade? a.) EPEC b.) EIEC c.) ETEC d.) EHEC |
EPEC
ETEC |
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E. COLI
Which one does NOT ferment sorbital? a.) EPEC b.) EIEC c.) ETEC d.) EHEC |
EHEC
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E. COLI
Which one causes diarrhea in kids? a.) EPEC b.) EIEC c.) ETEC d.) EHEC |
EPEC
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E. COLI
Which one causes Traveler's Diarrhea (explosive watery diarrhea) a.) EPEC b.) EIEC c.) ETEC d.) EHEC |
ETEC
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E. COLI
- explain how EHEC & EIEC cause Dysentery |
MICROBE - invades intestinal mucosa
TOXIN - cause necrosis & inflammation |
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KLEBSIELLA
- what are the 4 A's to remember |
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Abscess in the lungs - Alcoholics - di A betics |
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KLEBSIELLA
- describe the sputum appearance |
- Mucoid, "currant jelly" sputum
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SALMONELLA vs. SHIGELLA
- which one ferments lactose? - which one invade intestinal mucosa - which one can cause dysentery |
- neither
- both - both |
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SALMONELLA vs. SHIGELLA
- which one produces the gas H2S? - which one is more virulent? - which one has flagella? |
- Salmonella
- Shigella - Salmonella |
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SALMONELLA vs. SHIGELLA
- which one can disseminate hematogenously |
- Salmonella
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SALMONELLA vs. SHIGELLA
- which one can propel itself INSIDE a cell? - how so? |
- Shigella
- Actin polymerization |
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SALMONELLA vs. SHIGELLA
- Salmonella have what kind of reservoir? - what is the exception. |
- Animal reservoir
- Salmonella TYPHYII (only reservoir is humans) |
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SALMONELLA vs. SHIGELLA
- Shigella transmission |
(4 F's)
- Food - Fingers - Feces - Flies |
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SALMONELLA vs. SHIGELLA
- what causes Typoid Fever? - what are symptoms? |
- Salmonella Typhii
- Fever, HA - Diarrhea - Rose colored spots on abdomen |
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What organism can remain in gallbladder chronically?
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- Salmonella Typhii
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CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
- major cause of diarrhea in what population group? - transmission type? - transmission via? |
- Children
- Fecal-oral transmission - via Unpasteurized Milk, Meat, Poultry |
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CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
- commonly seen with an association of what animals? |
- Domesticated Dogs & Cats
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CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
- common antecedent to what Dz? |
- Guillain Barre syndrome
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What organism causes Mesenteric Adenitis?
Mesenteric Adenitis can mimic what other diseases? |
- Yersinia Pestis
- Crohn's Dz - Appendicitis |
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Reactivation of TB can occur after use of what class of drugs?
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- Anti-TNF-alpha drugs
(anti-"T"nf = for "T"b reactivation) |
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HELICOBACTER PYLORI
- is a risk factor for what Dz? |
- PUD (both gastric & duodenal ulcers)
- Gastric adenocarcinoma - MALToma (gastric lymphoma) |
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HELICOBACTER PYLORI
- causes gastritis and 90% of what Dz? |
- Duodenal Ulcers
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HELICOBACTER PYLORI
- this urease positive, GN rod creates what type of environment for itself in the stomach? |
- alkaline environment
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HELICOBACTER PYLORI
- pathophysiology with Gastric Ulcers (PUD) x2 - pathophysiology with Duodenal Ulcers (PUD) x2 |
Gastric Ulcers
- Colonizes gastric mucosa - Cytotoxic release damage gastric mucosa Duodenal Ulcers - inhibits Gastric Somatostatin (unregulated secretion of H+) - Inhibits Intestinal Bicarb secretion (intestines can not neutralize acid) |
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HELICOBACTER PYLORI
- standard basis of Triple Therapy? - give 2 examples |
PPI + Antibiotics (x2)
Omeprazole + Metronidazole + Azithromycin or Omeprazole + Metronidazole + Clarithromycin (costly) |
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HELICOBACTER PYLORI
- describe the Diagnostic test for H.pylori |
Urease Breath Test:
1.) Drink (13)C-Urease 2.) If Positive, then pt. expires large amounts of (13)CO2 (which is converted by urease) |
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SPIROCHETES
- GP or GN? - list them? |
- GN
(spiral shaped w/ axial filaments) - Borrelia - Leptospira - Treponema |
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SPIROCHETES
- which one is visualized on Light Microscopy? - requires what stain? |
- Borrelia (Big so seen on Light Micro)
- Giemsa staining (aniline dye) |
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SPIROCHETES
- which one is seen on Dark Field Microscopy? |
- Treponema
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SPIROCHETES
- causes Lyme Dz? - causes Syphilis? |
- Borrelia burgdoferi
- Treponema pallidum |
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LYME DISEASE
- transmitting vector? - vector also transmits what other organism? |
- Ixodes tick
- Babesia |
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LYME DISEASE
- microbial reservoir? - microbe requires what other intermediate host for life cycle? |
- Mice
- Deer |
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LYME DISEASE
- Sx for Stage 1 - Sx for Stage 2 - Sx for Stage 3 |
(FE d CB A)
1.) Flu-like Symptoms 1.) Erythema chronicum migrans 2.) Cardiac AV node block 2.) Bell's palsy (?bilateral?) 3.) Arthritis - monoarticular with chronic arthritis - migrating with polyarthritis |
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LYME DISEASE
- Treatment |
(requires Deer, so Doxycycline)
- Doxycycline (or Cetriaxone) |
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SYPHILIS
- causative organism? - treatment? |
- Treponema pallidum
- Penicillin G |
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SYPHILIS
- Primary Syphilis Sx? |
- Painless Chancre
(Primary is Localized Dz) |
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SYPHILIS
- Secondary Syphilis Sx? x3 |
(Secondary is Systemic)
- Maculopapular rash (hands & feet) - Condyloma Lata - Constitutional symptoms |
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SYPHILIS
- Tertiary Syphilis Signs & Sx? x6 |
("Gummy CRABS")
Gummas Charcot joints Romberg positive Argyll-Robertson Pupil Broad-based ataxia Stroke without HTN |
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SYPHILIS
- Tertiary Syphilis can progress into what 3 diseases? |
- Chronic Granulomas (Gummas)
- Aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) - Tabes Dorsalis (neurosyphilis) |
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SYPHILIS
- Congenital Syphilis signs & symptoms? x5 |
- Saber shins
- Saddle nose - CN 8 deafness - Hutchingson's teeth - Mulberry molars |
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SYPHILIS
- Screen with? - Confirm with? |
- VDRL
- FTA-ABS |
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ARGYL-ROBERTSON PUPILS
- reflects what disease? |
- Tertiary Syphilis
(Gummy CRABS) |
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ARGYL-ROBERTSON PUPILS
- describe |
(Prostitute's Pupil - accomodates but no reaction)
- Pupillary constriction w/ Accomodation - No pupillary reaction to light |
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Stroke without HTN is indicative of what Dz?
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Tertiary Syphilis
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VDRL
- screening test for? |
- Syphilis
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VRDL
- what can give false positives? x5 |
Viruses (mono, hepatitis)
Drugs Rheumatic fever Lupus & Leprosy |
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ZOONOTICS
- Bartonella spp. causes what disease? - Infection to immunocompromised patients cause what? - This is often confused with what other Dz? |
- Cat scratch fever
- Bacillary angiomatosis - Kaposi's Sarcoma |
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Borrelia Recurrentis
- causes Recurrent fever due to? |
- variable Surface Antigen proteins
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Name the organisms:
Variable Surface Antigen Proteins causing recurrent fever? Variable Antigens of Pilus Protein causing no vaccines. |
- Borrelia Recurrentis
- Neisseria Gonorrheae |
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Osteomyelitis from animal (dog/cat) bites
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- Pasteurella
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GARDENELLA VAGINOSIS
- describe vaginal discharge - involved with what anaerobe? |
- Gray discharge w/ Fishy smell
- Mobiluncus |
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GARDENELLA VAGINOSIS
- is this an STD? - Treatment? |
- No, but associated with sexual activity
- Metronidazole |
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Clue cells
- describe - organism etiology |
- Vaginal epithelial cells surrounded by bacteria
- Gardenella |
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RICKETTSIAE
- classic triad of symptoms - what is the exception to this triad? |
- Fever
- HA - Rash (vasculitis) - Coxiella & Ehrlichia (no rash for both) |
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RICKETTSIAE
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - organism - vector |
- Rickettsia Rickettsii
- Tick |
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RICKETTSIAE
- Endemic Typhus organism & vector - Epidemic Typhus organism & vector |
- R. typhii (Flea)
- R. prowazekii (Lice) |
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RICKETTSIAE
- Granulocytes with Berry Cluster organisms - what is vector |
- Ehrlichia (no rash)
- Tick |
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RICKETTSIAE
- Coxiella burnettii causes what Dz? - what is the vector? |
- Q fever
- No Vector (inhaled spores from tick shit & cattle placenta) |
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RICKETTSIAE
- Diagnostic test for Rickettsia? - which organism of Rickettsia family does not test positive? |
- Weil-Felix reaction
- Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) |
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RICKETTSIAE
- treatment for all types |
- Doxycycline
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WEIL-FELIX REACTION
- mixes Rickettsia antibodies from patient serum with what antigens? |
- Proteus antigens
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WEIL-FELIX REACTION
- which rickettsia bug tests negative? |
- Coxiella burnetti
(Q fever agent) |
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RICKETTSIA RASH
- describe rash for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - describe rash for Endemic/Epidemic Typhus |
- Starts on Palms/Soles, then spreads to trunk
- Typhus starts on Trunk, then spreads outwardly |
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ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
- endemic to where? - caused by? - symptoms? - describe rash? - diagnostic test? - treatment? |
- East coast
- Rickettsia rickettsii - Fever, HA, Rash (Triad) - Starts at hands/feet, moves to trunk - Weil-Felix reaction - Doxycycline |
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List the organisms/disease associated with a Rash that starts out on the Palms/Soles, then progresses centrally to the trunk.
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(Hands & Feet needed to drive CARS)
- Coxsackie A (HFM Dz) - Rickettsia Rickettsii (RMSF Dz) - Syphylis (Treponema pallidum) |
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All Rickettsia spp. require what 2 things to survive (since it is obligate intracellular).
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- NAD+
- CoA |
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CHLAMYDIAE
- causes NEONATAL Pneumonia - causes ATYPICAL Pneumonia |
- C. trachomatis
- C. pneumoniae - C. psittaci |
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CHLAMYDIAE
- what are its 2 forms? - what does each form do? |
Elementary Body
- Enters cell via Endocytosis - thus Enfectious Reticulate Body - Replicates in cell via fission |
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CHLAMYDIAE
- which form is seen on tissue culture? |
- Reticulate bodies
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CHLAMYDIAE
- what is unique about its cell wall? |
- lacks muramic acid
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CHLAMYDIAE
- Treatment? |
- Doxycycline or Azithromycin
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CHLAMYDIAE
- which subspecies has various serotypes? |
- C. trachomatis
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CHLAMYDIAE TRACHOMATIS
- List diseases caused by Types A, B, & C |
(ABC = ABC)
- African susceptibility - Blindness (caused by follicular conjunctivitis) - Chronic infection (causing Blindness) |
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CHLAMYDIAE TRACHOMATIS
- List the diseases caused by Types D thru K. |
- Neonatal Pneumonia
- Neonatal Conjunctivis - Urethritis - PID - Ectopic pregnancy |
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CHLAMYDIAE TRACHOMATIS
- List the diseases caused by Types L1, L2, and L3. |
- Lymphogranuloma Venereum
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Staccato cough is a symptom of what disease?
Caused by what organism? |
- Neonatal pneumonia
- Chlamydia trachomatis |
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Granuloma Inguinale (donovanosis) is caused by what organism?
Lymphogranuloma Venereum is caused by what organism? |
- Klebsiella granulomatis
- Chlamydia trachomatis L1, L2, & L3 |
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MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
- causes what classical disease? |
- Atypical pneumoniae
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MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
- lab tests - lab results due to what immune component? |
- High titers of Cold Agglutinins
- IgM |
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MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
- why would PCN not work? |
- b/c has no cell wall
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MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
- only bacteria with what structural component? |
- Cholesterol (sterols)
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MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
- frequently seen in what population group? |
(M. Pneumoniae = M. P.)
- Military recruits - Prisons |
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MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
- Treatment? |
- Erythomycin
(or Tetracycline) |
