Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
X-rays are _______ penetrating, _________ rays |
Highly Invisible |
|
X-rays are electrically _________ |
Neutral |
|
X-rays are heterogeneous and _________ |
Polyenergetic |
|
X-rays liberate minute amounts of ______ when passing through matter |
Heat |
|
X-rays leave the tube in a ________ line and the diverge from the focus |
Straight |
|
X-rays travel at the speed of light C = _________ cm/sec, ___________ m/sec, or ___________ miles/sec |
3×1010 cm/sec 3×108 m/sec 186,000 miles/sec |
|
X-rays ionize _____ indirectly |
Gases |
|
X-rays cause _________ of certain crystals |
Fluorescence |
|
X-rays _________ be focused by a lens |
Cannot |
|
X-rays affect _________ film and produce a ______ image |
Photographic Latent |
|
X-rays produce ________ and _________ changes |
Chemical Biological |
|
X-rays produce ________ and ________ radiation |
Secondary Scatter |
|
A grouping of particles |
Quanta ( singular ) Quantum ( plural ) or Photon |
|
Wave-Particle Duality Theory is also known as the |
The Quantum Theory |
|
The x-ray beam is made up of showers of photons or bits of energy that travel in a waveform at the speed of light and have no electric charge |
Quantum theory |
|
Wavelike fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields that are set-up by oscillating ( vibrating ) electrons |
Electromagnetic radiation |
|
A chart or graph that shows the relationship among all known types of electromagnetic radiation classified by wavelengths |
Electromagnetic spectrum |
|
The shortest wavelengths have the __________ energy |
Highest |
|
All ____________ travel at the speed of light, but the do differ in wavelength and ____________ |
Electromagnetic radiation Frequency |
|
Measured from peak to peak and is expressed by the Greek letter lambda ( h ) |
Wavelengths |
|
Number of cycles per second and is expressed by f or the Greek letter nu "v" |
Frequency |
|
Frequency is measured in units of ______ |
Hertz |
|
Wavelengths is measured from units of ________ to meters |
Angstroms ( 1 A = 10-10 m ) |
|
Speed of light formula |
C = hf or C = hv |
|
Wavelength and frequency have an __________ relationship |
Inverse |
|
The primary beam is made up of _______ and _________ radiation |
Bremsstrahlung Characteristic |
|
Homogeneous and monoenergetic |
Characteristic |
|
Heterogeneous and Polyenergetic |
Bremsstrahlung |
|
X-rays that leave the target and travel through the port or window of the x-ray tube, travel through space and strike the patient |
Primary beam |
|
The percentage of the kinetic energy of the incident electrons that is converted to x-rays |
Efficiency of x-ray production |
|
The efficiency of x-ray production is _______ proportional to the _________ number of the target and the applied potential (kVp) |
Directly Atomic |
|
Efficiency of x-ray production formula |
E = K × Z × kVp E = efficiency (%) K = is a constant ( 1 × 10-4 ) Z = atomic number of target ( tungsten = 74 ) kVp = peak kVp that we apply ( this is the variable ) |
|
In diagnostic x-ray, we use wavelengths between ________ Angstroms |
0.1 to 0.5 |
|
Instrument that is used to sort the range of intensities. Determines the spectrum or range of intensities of the x-ray beam in wavelengths |
X-ray spectrometer |
|
Range of intensities or relative numbers of x-rays of various wavelengths in a certain x-ray beam |
X-ray spectrum |
|
As an x-ray beam passes through a body of matter, it undergoes _______ by 3 methods |
Attenuation |
|
X-rays that leave the patient and create an image on the film |
Exit radiation |
|
Radiation emitted by the atoms of our body after having absorbed x-rays |
Secondary radiation |
|
The x-ray photons that have undergone a change in direction after interacting with atoms |
Scatter radiation |
|
The majority of x-ray photons pass through the body WITHOUT ANY interaction at all so no damage or changes occur because |
1. Atoms contain a lot of empty space 2. X-ray photons are electrically neutral so no force attracts them to electrons or the nucleus |
|
In the photoelectric interaction, the incident x-ray photon is ____________ |
Completely absorbed |
|
The energy of an electron is measured in units of __________ |
Electron volts |
|
In the Compton interaction the secondary and scatter radiation consists of |
A modified scattered photon and a "recoil" electron |