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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Important treatment administration considerations for bacterial meningitis?
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IV therapy, bactericidal
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Common bacterial meningitis pathogens in neonates (<1 month) and why?
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S. agalactiae, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, Klebsiella; do not have intact BBB
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Empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis pathogens in neonates (<1 month) and why?
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Ampicillin + cefotaxime; CTX contraindicated in neonates
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Bacterial meningitis bugs common in 1-23 months of age?
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S. agalactiae, E. coli, S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, N. meningitidis
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Treatment for bacterial meningitis in 1-23 months of age?
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Vancomycin + 3rd gen ceph
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Why is vanco added for treatment of bacterial meningitidis?
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For possible increased MIC and decreased BBB penetration of cephs
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Common bacterial meningitis pathogens in 2-50 year olds?
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N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae
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Treatment for bacterial meningitis in 2-50 year olds?
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Vancomycin + 3rd gen cephs (+ dexamethasone)
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Function of dexomethasone treatment in bacterial meningitis?
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Decrease inflammation in subarachnoid space
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When should dexamethasone treatment be administered?
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Prior to antibiotics
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Common bacterial meningitis pathogens in persons over 50?
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S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, L. monocytogenes, gram negatives
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Treatment for bacterial meningitis in persons over 50?
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Vancomycin + 3rd gen ceph + ampicillin
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Duration of therapy for bacterial meningitidis?
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7-21 days (usually 14)
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Prophylaxis for N. meningitidis?
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Ciprofloxacin or rifampin
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Prophylaxis for H. infuenzae?
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Rifampin
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Common bugs in CSF shunt infections?
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Gram negative staph, or staph aureus
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Treatment for CSF shunt infections?
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Vancomycin + cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam
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Treatment of cyptococcal meningitis?
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AmphoB + flucytosine then fluconazole
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Treatment of blastomyces, histoplasmosis CNS infection?
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AmphoB then oral azole (12 months)
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Majority of acute bronchitis infections?
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Viral
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Treatment for B. pertussis causing acute bronchitis?
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Azithromycin (macrolide), or tetracyclines or TMP/SMX
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When COPD is exacerbated, which patients are treated?
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Patients with increased dyspnea, increased sputum volume, or increased sputum purulence*
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Exacerbated COPD treatment in patients with risk factors for poor outcome?
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IV ampicillin/sulbactam
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Risk factors for P. aeruginosa infection with COPD exacerbation?
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Oral fluoroquinolones
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Duration of treatment for COPD exacerbation?
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Until clinical improvement, 3-7 days usually
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Treatment for sinusitis that has persisted for more than ten days, has severe symptoms, or has gotten worse?
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Ampicillin/sulbactam
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CAP pathogens?
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S. pneumonia, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila; S. aureus, oral anaerobes
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Treatment of CAP in healthy patient?
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Azithromycin (macrolide), or doxycycline
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Treatment of CAP with comorbidities, immunosuppression, or recent antibiotic exposures?
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B-lactam + macrolide
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Treatment of CAP for inpatient non-ICU?
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3rd gen ceph + macrolide
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Treatment of CAP for inpatient ICU?
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IV 3rd gen ceph + macrolide
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Treatment of aspiration pneumonia?
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Clindamycin (oral anaerobes)
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Duration of CAP treatment?
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Minimum 5 days, afebrile 48-72 hours, no more than 1 CAP related sign
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Need to cover with HAP, etc.?
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P. aeruginosa, S. aureus
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Empiric therapy for HAP?
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Antipseudomonal B-lactam + antipseudomonal FQ or AG + vancomycin or linezolid
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Why two antipseudomonals in empiric treatment of HAP?
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Resistance
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Historical duration of therapy for HAP?
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14-21 days
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Duration of treatment if HAP not caused by pseudomonas or acinetobacter?
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8 days
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Possible cause of nosocomial pneumonia?
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S. maltophilia
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Treatment of S. maltophilia?
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TMP/SMX
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Special about antibiotic dosing for CF patients?
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High dose due to extremely high metabolism rate
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Problem with Influenza treatment?
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High resistance
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