Wset Level 3 - Chapter 40 New Zealand

Front 1

New Zealand's location

Back 1

has an isolated location in the Pacific Ocean (1900km from Australia)

Front 2

Climate overall

Back 2

maritime

Front 3

The climate of South Island

Back 3

cool maritime

Front 4

The climate of North Island

Back 4

little warmer than on the southern island

Front 5

weather overall

Back 5

long sunshine hours, nights cooled by sea breezes and a long ripening period

Front 6

what does it give to the grapes?

Back 6

allow to reach high levels of sugar and flavor ripeness while retaining acidity .

Front 7

Where tend to be located vineyards on the South Island?

Back 7

On the east side of island

Front 8

What gives protection from rain-bearing westerly winds?

Back 8

The Southern Alps in the centre of the island.

Front 9

Does it mean there is no rain?

Back 9

No, many vineyards experience plentiful rainfall which can be problematic during ripening.

Front 10

Soils

Back 10

Tend to be free draining - and so not experience waterlogging.

Those on the flat land can be overly fertile, leading to excessive shoot and leaf growth.

Front 11

Due to of which problem New Zealand viticulturists become experts in trellising and canopy management?

Back 11

Problem with the vine vigour

Front 12

Is New Zealand committed to sustainable winegrowing and reducing the environmental impact on their vineyard?

Back 12

Yes

Front 13

Since when Sauvignon Blanc has been established as New Zealand's flagship grape?

Back 13

Since the early 1990s

Front 14

Sauvignon Characteristic

Back 14

pungent aromas, intense flavours of elderflower and passionfruit

high acidity

Front 15

Describe the differences between Sauvignon from north and south?

Back 15

warmer north gives wines with more tropical flavours

south creates wines with higher acidity and flavours of green bell pepper and gooseberry

Front 16

How Sauvignon is mostly fermented?

Back 16

In inert vessels at cool temperatures to retain fruit flavours and aromas

Front 17

Do some producers make oak-matured Sauvignon?

Back 17

Yes, as point of difference

Front 18

General style of Chardonnay

Back 18

tend to be led by concentrated citrus and tropical fruits with subtle hints of toast and sweet spice from new French oak

However, variety of style and techniques are seen

Front 19

Which other grapes show enormous potential

Back 19

Aromatic Riesling, Gewurztraminer

Semi-aromatic Pinot Gris

wines vary from dry to sweet, off-dry the most common

Front 20

What ensures that aromatic compounds have plenty of time to develop before harvest?

Back 20

Dry autumns and cool night temperatures

Front 21

Which grape is the second most planted after Sauvignon and where?

Back 21

Pinot Noir - widely grown throughout the South Island and within few selected sites in the North Island

Front 22

overall profile of its Pinot Noir

Back 22

vibrant fruit,

fine ripe tannins,

soft texture,

often with quite high level of abv

(distinct regional style have also emerged)

Front 23

Which are other black varieties?

Back 23

Merlot - limited compared with Pinot, but second mostly planted (among reds)

is often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon.

Syrah

Front 24

What adds Merlot to Cabernet blend?

Back 24

to add tannin and notes of cassis, making up a Bordeaux-style blend.

Front 25

These blends, same as all wines from New Zealand, are known for ...

Back 25

the purity of their fruit flavours

Front 26

In which islands production of these varieties is strongly focused and why?

Back 26

In the Northern Island, where the warmer temperatures help to ripen black grapes

Front 27

Syrah

Back 27

perform best in warmer sites.

Produces elegant wines that are closer in style to those of the Rhone (rather than Australia)

its plantings are small but increasing

Front 28

Where started off the wine industry in New Zealand?

Back 28

In the north of north Island around Auckland

There are still many large wineries that process grapes from all over the country

Front 29

Auckland weather and associated with that problem

Back 29

is warm and the wettest part so fungal diseases are an issue.

Front 30

Which grapes are particularly grown there?

Back 30

Chardonnay

Merlot

Syrah

Front 31

Name the island that lies immediately to the east and has growing reputation, particularly top reds

Back 31

Waiheke Island

Front 32

Where are located vineyards of Gisborne?

Back 32

On the east coast in the broad estuary plain close to the town of Gisborne itself

Front 33

Weather conditions

Back 33

High: rainfall

temperatures

sunshine hours during growing season

Front 34

Grape of Gisborne

Back 34

Half of the plantings Chardonnay - with distinct ripe tropical fruit

a small amount of high-quality Gewurztraminer

some full-bodied Pinot Gris

Front 35

Where are located vineyards of Hawke's Bay?

Back 35

close to the twin towns of Hastings and Napier also situated on the east coast of North Island in an estuary plain

Front 36

Hawke's Bay weather

Back 36

It is the warmest of the main grape growing areas

has the longest sunshine hours

Front 37

Only one region has more planting, which?

Back 37

Marlborough

Front 38

Why can wine styles vary here?

Back 38

Cause it is diverse regard to its soils, aspects and altitudes

Front 39

Which parcel has a great reputation for black varieties?

Back 39

Gimblett Gravels - a parcel of well-drained heat-absorbing gravel soil on the valley floor

Front 40

Which grapes are planted there

Back 40

Reputation for Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon for Bordeaux-blend

Syrah also planted

Front 41

Where lies Wairarapa?

Back 41

made up of a number of small vineyards areas spread over a wide area at the southern tip of the North Island

Front 42

Which is the most important area and what is it famous for?

Back 42

an area around the small town of Martinborough, with global reputation for Pinot Noir

Front 43

Martinborough's Pinot Noir

Back 43

medium to full bodied

ripe with hint of dark plum and cherry

Front 44

Weather conditions

Back 44

Summer temperatures can be high but a wide diurnal range makes it suitable for Pinot Noir.

Front 45

Which region is the major centre for grape growing in New Zealand?

Which grape dominates there?

Back 45

Marlborough with Sauvignon Blanc

Front 46

Where lie most of the vineyards?

Back 46

in two adjacent estuary valleys:

Wairau (by far the largest) and Awatere

Front 47

The climate in the Wairau Valley

Back 47

similar to Martinborough with long sunny days (diurnal range) however

Wairau is far from uniform - there are number of side valleys on the southern side of Wairau valley that give producers a range of aspects and altitudes to work with

Front 48

The Awatere Valley climate and its result on Sauvignon Blanc

Back 48

is drier, cooler and windier - as a result, Sauvignon has higher acidity with a pronounced herbaceous character, and lack of tropical fruit (that can be found in the Wairau)

Front 49

Which other varieties are widely planted there?

Back 49

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir - both for still and sparkling wines

Riesling and Pinot Gris also perform well

Front 50

Still Pinot Noir

Back 50

are often medium-bodied with fine tannins and flavours of cherry and cranberry

(more producers pay attention to this variety and increasingly impressive wines are made)

Front 51

Where lies Nelson?

Back 51

To the north-west of Wairau Valley on the north coast of South Island

Front 52

Nelson's climate and grapes

Back 52

cooler and wetter than Marlborough

Sauvignon Blanc,

Pinot Noir,

Pinot Gris

Front 53

Two main centres of viticulture in Canterbury

Back 53

1 -> in the plain immediately to the west of the town of Christchurch

2 -> larger one, Waipara Valley, to the north.

Front 54

Canterbury climate

Back 54

1. plain area is particularly exposed to cooling influence of the Pacific although there is a slight warming effect from north-westerly winds

2. the impact of north-westerly winds is more marked in Waipara, which is less exposed to the ocean due to a range of hills

Front 55

Canterbury plantings

Back 55

Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir

Waipara is also noted for the high quality Rieslings

Front 56

Where is located Central Otago?

Back 56

Inland in the foothills of the Southern New Zealand Alps.

The vineyards area is spread over a wide area incorporating a number of different valleys with different aspects, soils and altitudes

Front 57

In contrast to the rest of the country, Central Otago's climate is...

Back 57

continental and frost damage is a real risk both in spring and autumn.

Summers can be warm, but importantly for the grape quality, the diurnal range in the growing season is large

Front 58

What accounts for the high abv often found in Central Otago's wines?

Back 58

The intensity of sunlight

Front 59

Which variety is mostly planted and what it's characteristic?

Back 59

Pinot Noir - tend to be full-bodied, juicy and vibrant with concentrated ripe red fruit flavours

Front 60

Which other varieties are planted?

Back 60

Pinot Gris,

Riesling,

Chardonnay