Wset Level 3 Award - Factors Affecting Quality, Style And Price

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Vine Species

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For fruit - Vitis vinifera
For rootstocks (native to North America, resitant to Phyloxera) - Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris, Vitis berlandieri

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Anatomy of vine - Shoots

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New growth a vine produces each year. Along the length of eah shoot are regularly spaced bumps called nodes. At each node there will be either a leaf and a flower or a leaf and a tendris. Buds form where leaf stems join the shoot.

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Anatomy of vine - Leaves

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Plant's engine, responsible for phtosynthesis (use of chlorophyll and sunlight energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar glucose and oxygen (combine glucose into larger carbohydrates to make building blocks; store energy that can be released later; concentrates into fruit, making it attractive to animals to propagate seeds).

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Anatomy of vine - Tendrils

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Structures used to grip a supporting structure to stay upright.

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Anatomy of vine - Flowers and Berries

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Reproductive organs. Are hermaphrodite (both male and female). Group of flowers called inflorescences. Pollinated flowers becomes berry, and inflorescence becomes bunch of grapes. Grape is wind-pollinated, animal-dispersed, so fruits are sweet and brightly coloured, but flowers are small.

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Anatomy of vine - Buds

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Form where leaf and shoot join, and are embryonic shoots. Mature inside their casing, and end of year, contain miniature structures that will become shoot, leaves, flowers and tendrils following year.

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Anatomy of vine - One Year Old Wood

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Shoots turn woody during winter. Following spring, become one year wood and buds burst and grow into shoots. Vital because vines normally only produce fruit on shoots that grow from buds that developed the previous year. Vine pruned each year, and one year old wood will be called cane (long with eight to fifteen buds) or spur (short with two to three buds).

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Anatomy of vine - Permanent Wood

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Wood that is more than one year old. The amount is restricted by pruning. Sometime referred to as cordon. Stores some carbohydrate reserves during winter, used to fuel initial shoot growth, important in cool areas.

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Anatomy of vine - Roots

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Absorb water and nutrients from soil, anchor the vine, and store carbohydrates to allow the vine to survive the winter. In modern vineyards, most vitis vinifera is grafted on other species because of Phylloxera.

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Vine varieties

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Vines belong to the same variety if their origin can be followed back, through a series of cuttings, to the same parent plant. Varieties can only be reproduced by taking cuttings from existing plant . Cannot use pips (seeds) of grape.