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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Largest vineyard area for DOC and DOCG wines
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Piedmonte
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Number of appellations in Piedmonte
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40
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12 wines of Piedmonte
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Langhe DOCG
Barolo DOCG Barbaresco DOCG Barbera d'Asti DOCG Barbera d' Alba DOCG Dolcetto d'Alba DOC Dogliani DOCG Nebbiolo d'Alba DOC Roero DOCG Moscato d'Asti DOCG Gavi DOCG Gattinara DOCG |
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Gavi DOCG
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Piedmonte DOCG
Cortese grape (white) dry white with high acid and steely backbone Limestone soil hillside vineyards |
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Gattinara
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Piedmonte DOCG
Nebbiolo (known as Spanna) High quality, long lived, substantial oak ageing Long history Vineyards on Vercelli and Novara hills |
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Roero
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Piedmonte DOCG
- Nebbiolo and Arneis (significant quantities) - Left bank of Tanaro across from Langhe |
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Lombardy sub regions
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- Oltrepo Pavese DOC
- Valtellina DOC - Terre di Franciacorta DOC |
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Oltrepo Pavese DOC
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- largest production in Lombardy
- uninteresting Barbera red dominates |
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Valtellina
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Lombardy DOC
- Predominantly nebbiolo - Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG is Armarone style dried Nebbiolo, must reach 12% abv |
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Largest DOC producer
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Veneto
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11 Wines of the Veneto
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Valpollicella DOC
Amarone della Valpolicella DOC Recioto della Valpolicella DOC Ripasso della Valpolicella Bardolino DOC Bardolino Superiore DOCG Soave DOC Bianco di Custoza DOC Colli Euganei DOC Piave DOC Veneto IGT |
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Valpolicella grapes
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Corvina
Rondinella Molinara |
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Valpolicella dried grapes
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Recioto
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Bardolino DOC and Bardolino DOCG grapes
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Corvina
Rondinella Molinara Lighter, fruiter style than Valpolicella |
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Soave grapes and blending rules
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Gargenga
Trebbiano di Soave and Chardonnay (not to be more than 30%) |
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Bianco di Custoza
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Venetian DOC
Full bodied white blend of: - Trebbiano Toscano - Garganega - Friuliano - Malvasia Toscana - Riesling Italico - Cortese |
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Friuli-Venezia Giulia
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Friuli Grave DOC
Colli Orientali Collio Goriziano DOC |
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Friuli Grave
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- DOC in Friuli-Venezia Giulia
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IGT meaning and introduction?
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- Since 1992
- Indicazione Geografica Tipica |
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Number of DOCGs
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36
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1st DOCG
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Brunello di Montalcino
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Number of DOCs
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Over 300 (since 1963)
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DOCG stands for
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Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita
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Piedmonte main feature
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The Alps
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Piedmonte climate
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Severe winters
Long summers Warm autumns |
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Piedmonte IGT
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General Piedmonte DOC, instead of IGT which doesn't exist in region
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3 important Piedmonte DOCs
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Langhe - Barolo style, lower price
Dolcetto d'Alba - Soft, fuity damson flavours with light tannin and low acid Nebbiolo d'Alba - Barolo satellite soft, less intense, faster maturing Nebbiolo |
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9 important Piedmonte DOCG
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- Barolo
- Barbaresco - Barbera d'Alba - Barbera d'Asti - Dogliano - Roero - Moscato d'Asti - Gavi - Gattinara |
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Barolo
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- Piedmonte DOCG
- Long ageing of 2 yrs large oak and 1 in bottle - Modern wineries now using barriques - Concentration and complexity - High tannin, acid and alcohol - Needs further bottle ageing to show full potential - rose, violet, strawberry, mushroom, leaves, tar and leather notes |
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Barbaresco
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Piedmonte DOCG
- Nebbiolo less body and complexity than Barolo - Shorter min ageing requirements - Similar premium price to Barolo |
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Piedmonte DOCG
- Nebbiolo less body and complexity than Barolo - Shorter min ageing requirements - Similar premium price to Barolo - |
Barbaresco
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Barbera d'Asti
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Piedmonte DOCG
Barbera grape medium price, growing reputation 2 styles -Light, sour cherry fruit to drink young or - oak aged, higher tannin, complex and needing bottle ageing |
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Barbera d'Alba
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Piedmonte DOCG
Barbera grape medium price, growing reputation 2 styles -Light, sour cherry fruit to drink young or - oak aged, higher tannin, complex and needing bottle ageing |
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Piedmonte DOCG
Barbera grape medium price, growing reputation 2 styles -Light, sour cherry fruit to drink young or - oak aged, higher tannin, complex and needing bottle ageing |
Barbera d'Alba and Barbera d'Asti DOCGs
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Dolcetto d'Alba
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- Dolcetto grape
- soft and fruity damson notes with light tannin and low acid |
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Dogliani DOCG
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Finest Dolcetto production region
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Roero DOCG
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Piedmonte
Left bank opposite Langhe Arneis and Nebbiolo |
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Moscato d'Asti
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Piedmonte DOCG
Moscato grape highly perfumed and grapey slight sparkle (Asti DOCG is fully sparkling) to be drunk young and fresh |
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Gavi
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Piedmonte DOCG
Cortese grape Limestone hillside sites Dry white with high acid and a steely backbone |
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Cortese
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Dry white grape with high acid and a steely backbone
Grape of Gavi DOCG in Peidmonte |
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Gattinara
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Spanna (Nebbiolo)
long history of quality Long lived with substantial oak ageing |
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Langhe
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Piedmonte DOC
Nebbiolo at lower price than Barolo/Barbaresco Some new oak styles being made |
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Barbara d'Alba & Barbara d'Asti
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Barbara grape
Piedmonte DOCGs Medium price point 2 main styles (both have good acid of the variety): Light, with sour cherry fruit or Oak aged with high tannins |
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Most planted Italian red varieties (yr 2000)
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Barbera is a red Italian wine grape variety that, as of 2000, was the third most-planted red grape variety in Italy (after Sangiovese and Montepulciano).[1]
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Dolcetto d'Alba
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Piedmonte DOC
Damson notes Soft and fruity light tannin low acid |
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Dolcetto varietal wines
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Damson notes
Soft and fruity light tannin low acid |
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Best Dolcetto
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Dogliani
Piedmonte DOCG |
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Dogliani
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Piedmonte
DOCG Best Dolcetto region |
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3 Lombardy DOCs
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Oltrepo Pavese
Valtellina Terre di Franciacorta |
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Oltrepo Pavese
area soil wines landscape |
Largest production area in Lombardy
Calcareous clay soils Mainly uninteresting Barbera but large range of wines Apennine foothills from Po to Emilia |
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Valtellina DOC
climate landscape grapes |
Long summer days, cool nights
Steep slopes of river Adda Nebbiolo |
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Valtellina local DOCG
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Sforzata di Valtellina
High quality Nebbiolo dried like Amarone |
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Valtellina Superiore DOCG
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12% abv (1% higher than standard Valtellina DOC
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Terre di Franciacorta
terrior wine yeilds trellising grapes |
DOC
Low hills, Lake Iseo moderates High quality red, white & sparkling 10 ton/ ha yeilds tendone and GDC trellises banned Pinot Blanc, Chardonnay, Cab Sauv |
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11 Veneto classifications
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Valpolicella DOC
Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG Recioto della Valpolicella DOC Ripasso della Valpolicella Bardolino DOC Bardolino Superiore DOCG Soave DOC Bianco di Custoza DOC Colli Euganei DOC Piave DOC Veneto IGT |
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Veneto production and climate
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Largest DOC producer
Mountains to North, Sea to East - moderate |
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Valpolicella DOC
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Corvina (Rondinella and Molinara also permitted)
Basic Valpolicella is light and fruity from the valley floor Best, eg Classico DOC is from the hills . Proportion of recioto may be used |
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Proportion of Valpolicella fruit dried before fermentation for concentration and complexity
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Recioto
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Amarone della Valpolicella
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DOC
Entirely recioto intense with long finish Style affected by level of drying, oxygenation and botrytis |
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Traditional Amarone style note
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Port like, intense, long finish
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Modern Amarone style
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Pure cherry
Full body Sweet fruit on palate Long bitter finish |
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Recioto della Valpolicella
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DOC
Full bodied Sweet 100% recioto Fermentation stopped early |
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Ripasso della Valpolicella
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Unpressed Amarone or Recioto skins added to basic Valpolicella.
Refermentation gives extra viscosity, tannins and complexity |
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Bardolino
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DOC
Shores of Lake Garda (cooler climate) Valpolicella varieties Light and fruity red and rose |
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Bardolino Superiore
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DOCG
Corvina/Rondinella/Molinara More complex with greater concentration than DOC |
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Soave classification
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Soave DOC
Soave Superiore DOCG Soave Recioto DOCG |
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Soave Grapes
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Garganega (Must be min 70% of blend)
Trebbiano di Soave Chardonnay |
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Soave Soil
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Volcanic in classico region
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Garganega aromas
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Almonds, floral or grapey when grown with low yields
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Bianco di Custoza
location soil style |
DOC in Veneto
Limestone hills south west of Lake Garda Full bodied white blends |
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Bianco di Custoza grapes
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Trebbiano Toscano, garganega, friuliano, malvasia Toscana, Riesling Italico (welschriesling) and Cortese
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Colli Euganei
Soil, location and grapes |
DOC in Veneto
Rich, volcanic hills near Padua Replanted in '60s with international varietals, e.g. Merlot |
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Piave
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DOC in Veneto
International varieties dominate |
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Veneto IGT Styles
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- Light, fruity Merlot
- Local grapes made in non-traditional ways - Local grapes in non- traditional blends |
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Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Wines and best sites |
- large variety of red and white styles
- Best sites in East of region - Adriatic and alpine airflows benefit hillsides bordering Slovenia |
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Friuli Grave
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DOC in Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Largest quantity production Flat plains planted mainly light fruity red Bordeaux blends |
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Fruili Grave local grape and wine
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- Refosco red native variety
- High acidity - Red fruit flavours - developing plum and dark chocolate with age |
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White Friuli Grave
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- White blends and single varietals grown on hillside sites
- Some cask ageing used - High reputation - Crisp fruitiness with depth of complexity |
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Colli Oriental and Collio Goriziano
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DOCs in Friuli-Venezia Guilia
Steep hillside sites Expressive whites from local and international varieties |
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Colli Orientali and Collio Goriziano varietals
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Friulano
Pinot Bianco Pinot Grigio Gewürztraminers Rhine Riesling Chardonnay Picolit for expensive dessert wine |
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Expensive and prestigious dessert wine in Fruili-Venezia Guilai
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Picolit based wines from Colli Orientali and Collio Goriziano DOC
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Largest quantity produced in Fruili-Venezia Giulia
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Friuli Grave DOC
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Trentino-Alto Adige geography
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Mountainous most northerly Italian region.
High altitude plantings Vines in terraces on lower slopes. |
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Alto Adige quantity and quality
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small quantity, high quality
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Alto Adige trade
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- Highest proportion of DOC wines
- Highest number of exports (Austria is main market) |
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Trentino-Alto Adige history/regions
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Far north = German speaking Southern Tyrol (use QbA not DOC)
North = Alto Adige, formerly Austro Hungarian South - Trentino always Italian |
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Alto Adige regional wine style
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predominantly varietal production rather than blends
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Alto Adige Red Wines
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Schiava - light, acidic reds
Lagrein - Dark, intense red developing with bottle age |
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Alto Adige White Wines
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Increasing production of high quality whites:
- Pinot Grigio - Gewürztraminer - Sauvignon Blanc - Riesling |
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Trentino Wines, main style
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Major producer of neutral Pinot Grigio.
Local Teroldego red also important Quality not as high as Alto Adige |
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Trentino Red Wine
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Local red variety Teroldego
Produces high acidity, low tannin wine with cherry fruit. |
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Emilia-Romagna
Geography and sub-regions |
South of Po,fertile and high yielding
- Colli Piacentini DOC - Sangiovese di Romagna DOC - Trebbiano di Romagna DOC |
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Colli Piancentini
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DOC
Emilia-Romagna Western sub region - Similar to Lombardy's Oltrepo Pavese - Uninteresting Barbera reds - Promise from new plantings of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Cabernet Sauvignon |
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Sangiovese di Romagna
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Emilia-Romagna DOC
Correct clonal selection results in higher quality product |
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Trebbiano di Romagna
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Emilia-Romagna DOC
Refreshing still or sparkling whites |
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Italy's global production share
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1 (but small holdings)
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Tuscan geography
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Vineyards at altitude on slopes
Excellent sun exposure Wide diurnal temperature range Grapes keep high natural acidity and develop fruity aromas Maritime sites ideal of Bordeaux |
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Chianti Consorzio
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Represents all zones except Classico
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Rule changes in Chianti
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2002
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International grapes max permitted in Chianti blends
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- 15% in Chianti
- 20% in sub zones - 20% in Classico |
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Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot permitted percentages in Chianti
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= 10% max in Chianti (10/15)
= 10% max in sub regions (10/20) = 20% max in Classico (20/20) |
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Chianti irrigation
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Emergency irrigation permitted in Classico zone
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Chianti white grapes
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to be phased out of blend
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Chianti DOCG grapes
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Sangiovese (dominent in blend or on its own)
Canaiolo Colorino Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Syrah |
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Chianti ageing
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3 years for riserva
Large botti casks or more recently barriques |
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Chianti sub zones
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7
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Chianti Rufina
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Small, cool zone NE of Florence
High quality Full bodied wines High acidity |
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Sangiovese
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High acid
High tannins medium body sour cherry and earthy flavours |
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Chianti Classico DOCG
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Separate DOCG from Chianti
Between Florence and Siena Hills sites Varied soils Finest, most age worthy Chianti |
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Brunello di Montalcino grape
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DOCG
Brunello (Sangiovese clone) |
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Brunello di Montalcino location
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DOCG
South of Siena, near town of Montalcino |
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Brunello di Montalcino wine and ageing
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- top quality, long lived
- Aged min 2 years in cask - Aged 4 years before release |
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First DOCG classified?
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Vino Nobile di Montepluciano
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Vino Nobile di Montepulciano grape
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Prugnolo (Sangiovese clone)
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Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
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Prugnolo from town of Montelpulciano. 3 years ageing as per Chianti reserva
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Rosso di Montepulciano
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DOC
Same region and grape (Prugnolo) as Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Only aged one year before release Wine is lighter and fruitier DOC is used like Bordeaux 2nd label |
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Rosso di Montalcino
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DOC
Tuscany Same region and grape (Brunello) as Brunello di Montalcino Only aged one year before release Wine is lighter and fruitier DOC is used like Bordeaux 2nd label |
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Only white DOCG in Tuscany
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Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
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Vernaccia di San Gimignano geography
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DOCG Tuscany
white High altitude hill sites Diurnal temp range extends ripening and keeps flavours |
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Vernaccia di San Gimignano wine
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Neutral wine, medium bodied
white |
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1994 DOC of Tuscany
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Bolgheri
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Bolgheri
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Tuscan DOC
Super tuscans Ornellia and Sassicaia Principally Cab Sauv and Merlot More temperate than most of Tuscany due to sea's proximity |
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Toscana IGT
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1992 IGT
Accommodating wines outside DOC regulations |
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Carmignano
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Tuscan DOCG
North of Florence Serious Sangiovese reds and percentage of Cab Sauv |
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Pomino
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Tuscan DOCG
North of Florence Serious Sangiovese reds and percentage of Cab Sauv |
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2 Tuscan DOCGs
North of Florence Serious Sangiovese reds and percentage of Cab Sauv |
Pomino and Carmignano
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Vin Santo
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Tuscan
Dessert wine from raisined grapes. Oxidatively aged in cask for many years |
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Tuscan regions on syllabus (13)
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Chianti (+ DOCG + Classico)
Brunello di Montalcino (+ Rosso di) Vino nobile di Montepulciano (+ Rosso di) Vernaccia di San Gimignano Bolgheri Toscana IGT Carmignano Pomino Vin Santo |
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Marche wines
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Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC (WHITE)
Conero DOCG (RED) |
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Most commonly seen Marche wine
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Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC
Dry white Range of styles from light and fresh to rich and complex Flavours of herbs |
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Conero
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Marche DOCG
Montepulciano grape (NOT Prugnello!) Full bodied deep colour medium tannins |
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Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi
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Marche DOC
Herb flavoured dry white in range of styles from rich and complex to fresh and light |
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Umbrian climate
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similar to Tuscan but without moderating sea influence
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Umbrian wines
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Orvieto DOC (white)
Sagrantino di Montefalco DOC (red) |
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Orvieto
Soil Grape Wines |
Umbrian DOC
Tuffeau limestone like Vouvray |
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Orvieto Wines
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Umbrian DOC
Traditional sweet through to dry styles Crisp, refreshing but neutral Best show crisp apple characters |
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Orvieto grape
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Umbrian DOC
Procanico (trebbiano sub variety) in blend with Malvasia and Verdello. |
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Sagrantino di Montefalco
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Umbrian DOC
Sagratino produced in Montefalco Local variety Historically tannic and rustic Responds well to modern winemaking |
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Frascati
grape and wine |
Lazio DOC
Malvasia dominent in blend with Trebbiano Simple, low price, fresh, clean white |
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Abruzzo location and geography
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Eastern side of central Italy, ranging from mountains to coast
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Montepulciano d'Abruzzo
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Montepulciano grape
early drinking simple REDS Deep colour Moderate acid |
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Trebbiano d'Abruzzo
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Bombino grape used (which is NOT a sub variety of Trebbiano!)
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Abruzo 2 wines
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Trebbiano d'Abruzzo (WHITE)
Montepulciano d'Abruzzo (RED) |
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Italian barrel woods
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Traditionally
Tuscany & Piedmonte = Cherry Veneto = Acacia Islands = Chestnut Hungarian and Slovenian oak also used |
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5 wines of Campagnia
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Taurasi DOCG
Greco di Tufo Lacrima Christi del Vesuvio Fiano d'Avellino Falerno del Massico |
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Campagnia soil and history
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Volcanic soils ideal for quality production (Vesuvius)
Greatest wines of classical Italy Standards now fallen and few aim for quality |
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Taurasi grape
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Campagnia DOCG
Aglianico thick skin High acid Late ripening Complex flavours |
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Taurasi wine
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Campania DOCG
Full bodied Tannic dark plum and spice Aglianico grape |
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Taurasi wine
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3 yrs aging (one in cask) required
Campania DOCG |
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Lacrima Christi dei Vesuvio grape
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Greco grape with others in blend
Campania DOCG |
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Lacrima Christi dei Vesuvio wine style
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Campania DOCG
dry to sweet Still to sparkling Some red and rose produced |
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Greco di Tufo grape
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Campania white wine
Greco is the grape Tufo is the village Greco is a clone of Greco Bianco |
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Greco di Tufo wine
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Campania white
Fresh, aromatic white from low temp fermentation |
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Fiano d'Avelino
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Campania white
Fiano grape grown near Avellino Full bodied Hazelnut and pear flavours |
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Falerno del Massico
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Red Campania blend
60-80% Aglianico 20-40% Piedirosso, Primitivo and Barera (max 20%) Slopes of mount Massico |
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5 wines of Campania
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Taurasi DOCG (RED)
Lacrima Christi del Vesuvio (WHITE, dry, sweet, red & Rose) Greco di Tufo (WHITE) Fiano d'Avellino (WHITE) Falerno del Massico (RED) |
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Puglia production
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2nd highest by volume
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Puglia climate
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Hot maritime
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Puglia grapes & wine styles
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Primitivo and Negroamaro
Full bodied reds High alcohol Spicy berry characters |
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3 Puglia wines
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Salice Salentino DOC
Copertino DOC Primoitivo del Manduria |
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Salice Salentino DOC
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Puglia DOC
Negroamaro and Malvasia Nero red blend Intense, almost Port like Similar to Copertino DOC |
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Copertino DOC
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Puglia DOC
Negroamaro and Malvasia Nero red blend Intense, almost Port like Similar to Salice Salentino DOC |
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Basilicata
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Poor, mountainous, small industry
Aglianico del Vulture DOC |
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Aglianico del Vulture
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Basilicata DOC
Range of styles from Aglianico grape Young and fruity to Full bodied aged for min of 3 yrs |
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Calabria
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Ciro DOC (RED)
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Ciro
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Calabria DOC (RED)
Gaglioppo principal grape Hefty red Handful of producers Quality starting to be recognised More focus on int styles from small barrel aging |
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Sicily 3 wines
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Alcamo DOC
Carasuolo DOCG Passito di Pantelleria DOC |
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Sicily quality wines
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Q symbol on label
Denotes quality at any level Much bulk wine Better quality from mountains A few estates make very high quality wines |
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Sicily area under vine
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Largest area under vine in Italy (much bulk)
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3 Sicilian wines
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Alcamo DOC (WHITE, red + rose)
Cerasuolo DOCG (RED) Passito di Pantelleria DOC (Moscato SWEET) |
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Sicily grapes
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Indigenous & int
Nero d'Avola common Cataratto, Grillo and Inzolia for blended dry whites & Marsala |
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Alcamo
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Sicily DOC (WHITE, red & rose)
NW Sicily Around town of Trapani Trapani's vineyards most extensive in Italy Mainly Cataratto whites |
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Cerasuolo
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Sicily DOCG (RED)
DOCG in 2005 Long lived red Frapatto grape |
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Passotp do Pantelleria
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Sicily DOC
Pantelleria is island nr North Africa! Luscious sweet wine Moscato grapes Lighter than Rutherglen muscat |
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Sardinia
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Great potential due to geography and climate
Varietal whites from Vermentino Reds from Cannonau (Grenache) |
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Number of IGT/DOC/DOCG
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38 DOCG
316 DOC 118 IGT |
