Wset Adv. Ch. 1: Grape Varieties

Front 1

Grape varieties are member of what family?

Back 1

Ampelidaceae

Hint 1

Amp

Front 2

What genus do grapes belong?

Back 2

Vitis

Hint 2

V

Front 3

What is the primary species of winemaking grapes?

Back 3

Vitis Vinifera

Hint 3

VV

Front 4

What percentage of wine is made from grapes belonging to V. Vinifera?

Back 4

99%

Hint 4

You have five packs of cigarettes. You smoke one cigarette. How many are left?

Front 5

What is the American grape species that is used for winemaking?

Back 5

Vitis Labrusca

Hint 5

VL

Front 6

Explain pollination.

Back 6

Anthers(testes) release pollen(sperm) is spread by the wind to flower stigma. Pollen moves to ovaries, combines w/ovules, produces seed. Seed encapsulated in flesh(grape)

Hint 6

Mommy, where do babies come from?

Front 7

What is a hybrid?

Back 7

The "marriage" of two species. Ex: cross V. vinifera and V. labrusca.

Front 8

Name 4 American vine species common for hybridization.

Back 8

V. Labrusca, V. riparia, V. rupestris, V. berlandieri.

Hint 8

V. l, V. r, V. r, V. b

Front 9

Name 1 Asiatic vine species common for hybridization.

Back 9

V. amurensis

Hint 9

V. a

Front 10

Are hybrids allowed for the production of quality wine in the European Union?

Back 10

No

Front 11

What is the most important use of hybrids?

Back 11

Rootstock

Front 12

V. riparia is prized for what characteristics in hybrids?

Back 12

Low vigor and phylloxera tolerance.

Front 13

V. rupestris is prized for what characteristics in hybrids?

Back 13

Deep roots and phylloxera resistance.

Front 14

V. berlandieri is prized for what characteristics in hybrids?

Back 14

Tolerance of alkaline soils and phylloxera resistance.

Front 15

What is a crossing?

Back 15

The crossing of different varieties of the same species. Ex: Pinotage (Pinot Noir x Cinsault)

Front 16

What wine is a crossing of Sylvaner and Pinot Blanc?

Back 16

Morio-Muskat

Hint 16

M-M

Front 17

What is the only way to propagate crossings?

Back 17

Cuttings

Hint 17

Cu....

Front 18

Ruby Cabernet is a crossing of what two varieties?

Back 18

Cabernet Sauvignon X Carignan

Hint 18

CS x C

Front 19

Why don't seeds produce wines with similar characteristics as the parent?

Back 19

Its genetic material is different.

Hint 19

Why is a child different from its mother?

Front 20

What is propagating a species using cuttings generally called?

Back 20

Cloning.

Hint 20

Star Wars: The ##### Wars

Front 21

What causes variation in clonal propagation?

Back 21

Mutation

Hint 21

Teenage ###### Ninja Turtles

Front 22

Why is clonal selection important when dealing with ancient varieties, such as Pinot Noir?

Back 22

The large variety of P. Noir clones provide extremely different capabilities.

Front 23

Name two varieties that are mutations(clones) of P. Noir.

Back 23

Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris

Hint 23

PB, PG

Front 24

What caused the wholesale destruction of European vineyards in the early 19th century?

Back 24

Phylloxera louse.

Front 25

What does Phylloxera do to a vine?

Back 25

Feeds on vine roots. Wounds caused by this allow bacteria and fungus to enter vine.

Front 26

Why are American vines resistant to phylloxera?

Back 26

They form a protective layer under the wound caused by the louse.

Hint 26

Scab

Front 27

What is the most common practice to get around the phylloxera problem?

Back 27

Grafting

Front 28

What regions have avoided the phylloxera louse?

Back 28

Chile, South Australia, much of Argentina and Hungary.

Hint 28

Pinochet, North of Tasmanian Sea, Don't Cry For Me, You eat when you are....

Front 29

What soil type does phylloxera not thrive in?

Back 29

Sandy

Hint 29

Rhymes with candy.

Front 30

What are the two parts of a grafted vine?

Back 30

American rootstock, European scion

Front 31

What is head-grafting?

Back 31

Removing the head of an existing vine/graft in desired fruit. Should produce fruit next vintage rather than 3 years for new root.

Front 32

From where does chardonnay get its name?

Back 32

A village in the Maconnais

Hint 32

Rhymes with a product of Hellman's fame.

Front 33

Name characteristics of cool climate chardonnay.

Back 33

Steely, light to medium body, high acidity, green apple notes

Front 34

Name characteristics of mid-climate chardonnay.

Back 34

Citrus flavors start to emerge, medium body.

Front 35

Name characteristics of chardonnay from hot regions.

Back 35

Melon and peach flavors emerge, exotic flavors such as banana, mango and fig. Can be full=-bodies, high in alcohol and low in acidity.

Front 36

Is Chardonnay considered an aromatic variety?

Back 36

No.

Front 37

What effect does malolactic fermentation generally have on Chardonnay?

Back 37

Softens the fruit and acidity, gives flavors of butter and hazelnut.

Front 38

What effect does oak aging generally have on Chardonnay?

Back 38

Gives tannin, richness, toasty and nutty flavors to the wine.

Front 39

Name 5 classic Chardonnay regions.

Back 39

Burgundy, Champagne, California, Australia and New Zealand.

Front 40

What are general characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc grown in cool climates?

Back 40

Green, herbaceous flavors; gooseberries, green pepper, grass, passionfruit and elderflower.

Front 41

What are the characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc in warmer regions?

Back 41

Generally lack character but develop peach flavors.

Front 42

What is Fume Blanc?

Back 42

Sauvignon Blanc, usually with some oak aging.

Front 43

What are the aromas of aged Sauvignon Blanc?

Back 43

Asparagus, peas.

Front 44

What are the classic Sauvignon Blanc regions?

Back 44

Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume and Marlborough.

Front 45

What are the characteristics of Riesling from cool climates?

Back 45

Fresh grape and apple, high natural acidity, some sugar.

Front 46

What are the characteristics of Riesling from warm climates?

Back 46

Citrus, peach, lime (Australia)

Front 47

Does Riesling benefit from oak?

Back 47

No, except for botrytis-affected dessert wines from this variety.

Front 48

Does Riesling age well?

Back 48

Yes, due to its high acidity.

Front 49

What characteristics are typical to aged Riesling?

Back 49

Honey, smoke, petrol.

Front 50

What are the classic regions for Riesling?

Back 50

Mosel, Nahe, Rheingau, Pfalz in Germany; Wachau in Austria; Alsace in France; Clare and Eden Valley in Australia; Marlborough and Nelson in NZ.

Front 51

What is Hunter Valley Rieling?

Back 51

Semillon

Front 52

What is Cape Riesling?

Back 52

Crouchen Blanc

Front 53

What are the three synonyms of Welschriesling?

Back 53

Welsch Riesling (Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria), Laski Riesling (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia), Olasz Riesling (Hungary)

Front 54

What does Welsch Riesling do best?

Back 54

Crisp refreshing dry white or botrytis-affected dessert wines.

Front 55

What is Pinot Gris known as in Italy?

Back 55

Pinot Grigio.

Front 56

What are the characteristics of non-Italian Pinot Gris?

Back 56

Almost oily, high alcohol, low acidity; can be rich, aromatic with melon, banana, mango and botrytis.

Front 57

What are the characteristics of Pinot Grigio?

Back 57

High acidity, little fruit. Light, neutral

Front 58

What is Pinot Gris known as in Germany?

Back 58

Rulander, Grauburgunder.

Front 59

What are the characteristics of good Viognier?

Back 59

Soft, full-bodied texture with aromatic fruit.

Front 60

Why is Viognier considered a difficult grape?

Back 60

It builds sugar levels rapidly before its aromatic characteristics develop (peach, pear, violet) leading to unbalanced alcoholic wines.

Front 61

Classic Viognier is produced where?

Back 61

Condrieu and Chateau Grillet in the northern Rhone.

Front 62

What characteristic binds the Muscat family of grapes together?

Back 62

An intense grapey flavor

Front 63

What is the most famous Muscat?

Back 63

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains.

Front 64

Name 4 wines made with Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains.

Back 64

Asti, some Vins Doux Naturels, Muscats of Samos, Rutherglen Muscats.

Front 65

Describe the characteristics of unaged Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains.

Back 65

Grape, peach, rose and citrus.

Front 66

What are the characteristics of oak-aged Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains?

Back 66

Dark color, raisins, fruit cake, toffee, coffee.

Front 67

What wines are made with Muscat of Alexandria?

Back 67

Some Vin Doux Naturels, Spanish Moscatels.

Front 68

What differentiates Muscat of Alexandria from Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains?

Back 68

Less aromatically complex; smell simply of grapes.

Front 69

Characterize wines made with Muscat Ottonel.

Back 69

Perfumed dry whites from Alsace and Central Europe.

Front 70

When should unoaked/non-fortified Muscats be consumed?

Back 70

While they are young, fruity and fresh.

Front 71

What is Steen?

Back 71

Chenin Blanc from South Africa.

Front 72

What are the classic Loire sweet Chenin Blanc growing regions?

Back 72

Bonnezeaux and Quarts de Chaume

Front 73

What is the primary difficulty growing Chenin Blanc?

Back 73

It ripens unevenly.

Front 74

What are the primary characteristics of Chenin Blanc?

Back 74

High acidity, vegetal notes, green apple.

Front 75

Does Chenin Blanc age well?

Back 75

Generally, yes.

Hint 75

Think Riesling

Front 76

What are the classic Chenin Blanc growing regions?

Back 76

The Loire, particularly Vouvray, Savennieres and Coteaux du Layon.

Front 77

What grape variety is the classic of the Medoc in Bordeaux?

Back 77

Cabernet Sauvignon.

Front 78

Is Cabernet Sauvignon thick-skinned or thin?

Back 78

Thick

Front 79

What is the classic flavor of Cabernet Sauvignon?

Back 79

Blackcurrants. In warmer climates, black cherry, black olive, fruit.

Front 80

Give general characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon.

Back 80

High acidity, tannic, full-bodied.

Front 81

What two regions of Bordeaux plant greater percentages of Merlot?

Back 81

St. Emilion and Pomerol

Front 82

Describe "International Style" Merlot.

Back 82

Late-harvested, dark purple, blackberry, plum, soft velvety tannins, high alcohol, concentrated fruit.

Front 83

Describe traditional Bordeaux Merlot.

Back 83

Harvested early, lighter body and alcohol, higher acidity, red fruit character (raspberry, strawberry), possibly vegetal leafy aromas.

Front 84

What is the classic region for Syrah (Shiraz)?

Back 84

The Rhone Valley.

Front 85

What are the primary characteristics of Old World Syrah?

Back 85

Blackberry, very high acidity and tannin, black pepper, mint.

Front 86

Describe hot climate shiraz.

Back 86

Full-bodied, soft tannins, spice notes, licorice and anise.

Front 87

What is the most widely planted red grape in Spain?

Back 87

Grenache/Garnacha.

Front 88

What is the primary grape of Navarra?

Back 88

Grenache/Garnacha

Front 89

Where is Granache grown, primarily, in France?

Back 89

Southern Rhone and the Midi.

Front 90

Describe the flavor of classic Grenache

Back 90

Red fruit like raspberry and strawberry, hints of white pepper; when aged, leather, tar and toffee.

Front 91

Where was Pinot Noir originally planted?

Back 91

Burgundy.

Front 92

Describe the qualities of good young Pinot Noir.

Back 92

Fruity perfume of raspberries, strawberries, cherries, soft tannins, light color

Front 93

Describe the qualities of aged Pinot Noir.

Back 93

Vegetal, farmyard aromas.

Front 94

Name 7 classic Pinot Noir regions outside of Burgundy.

Back 94

Carneros/Sonoma, CA; Walker Bay, SA; Yarra Valley, Australia; Martinbourough/Marlborough/Central Otago, NZ

Front 95

Name 3 classic wines made with Sangiovese.

Back 95

Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.

Front 96

Is Sangiovese an aromatic grape variety?

Back 96

No

Front 97

Describe the typical characteristics of a Sangiovese wine.

Back 97

High acidity, sour red cherry, astringent tannins, earthy dusty aromas,

Front 98

What is considered Spain's leading quality red grape?

Back 98

Tempranillo.

Front 99

Name 3 Spanish synonyms for Tempranillo.

Back 99

Ull de Llebre, Cencibel, Tinto del Pais.

Front 100

Name 2 Portugese synonyms for Tempranillo.

Back 100

Tinta Roriz, Aragonez.

Front 101

What soil is best for Tempranillo?

Back 101

Chalky

Front 102

Describe the typical characteristics of a Tempranillo wine.

Back 102

Light tannins, nose of leather, taste of ripe strawberries.

Front 103

What is the most famous region for Tempranillo?

Back 103

Rioja.