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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three stages of haemostasis? |
Vasoconstriction (contraction of blood vessels) Formation of a platelet plug Blood clotting / coagulation |
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Define angiogenisis |
Formation of new blood vessels |
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What cells are the first to reach the site during the inflammatory phase? |
Neutrophils followed by monocytes and lymphocytes |
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Name 4 types of wound closure |
Primary closure Delayed primary closure Secondary closure Second intention healing |
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What is primary closure? |
First intention healing |
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List properties of the optimal wound healing environment |
Correct temperature (35-37) Correct PH level (6) slightly acidic Moist environment to facilitate healing Wounds must be exposed to oxygen Bandages must not be too tight No particles or loose fibres |
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What is commonly used as a stirrup in a Robert Jones bandage? |
Zinc oxide tape |
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When may you use a Robert jones bandage |
On a patient who has sustained a fracture - needs immobilising |
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What is the best way to decontaminate a wound? |
Lavage |
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What equipment should be used during lavage? |
20ml syringe and 18g needle |
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What is mechanical debridement ? |
The physical removal of tissue adhered to on a dressing |
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What is autolytic debridement? |
Performed by white blood cells during the inflammatory phase |
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What factors may delay healing? |
Necrotic tissue Dehydration Infection Foreign material Insufficient oxygen and blood supply Poor health and nutrition |
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What happens during the inflammatory phase? |
Damaged cells, bacteria and pathogens are removed from the wound. Enzymes, nutrients and white blood cells create swelling and redness |
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What happens during the proliferative phase? |
Wound is replaced by granulation tissue consisting of fibroblasts, granulocytes, macrophages and blood vessels. Tissue is made up of collagen and extra cellular matrix. |
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What happens during the remodelling phase? |
Water content reduces and collagen is laid down and is gradually replaced by a more stable type |
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When would an absorbent dressing be used? |
On wounds with mild to moderate amounts of exudate |
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When would a wet to dry dressing be used? |
To remove drainage and dead tissue from wounds - deep wounds |
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When would a Manuka honey dressing be used? |
To support moist wound healing and to manage infection and wound debridement
Often used on infected wounds |
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When would gel based dressings be used? |
Often for burns and traumatic wounds, ulcerations and sores. |
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What are types of wound debridement? |
Autolytic, biological, enzymatic, surgical, mechanical |
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What is a primary dressing layer? |
Moist layer and supports fluid absorption and stimulates granulation tissue ‘Wet to dry’ |
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What are aseptic techniques in wound management? |
Lavage and debridement |
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What are the types of debridement? |
Autolytic, mechanical, biological and surgical |
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What are indications for antibiotic therapy? |
Swabs, culture and sensitivity |
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What is primary closure? |
Surgical closure |
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What is primary closure? |
Surgical closure |
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What is delayed primary closure? |
Managed as open wounds before surgical closure |
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What is primary closure? |
Surgical closure |
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What is delayed primary closure? |
Managed as open wounds before surgical closure |
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What is secondary closure? |
Used for heavily contaminated wounds with damaged skin |
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What is second intention healing? |
Wound is dressed and managed until heals by granulation |
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What should dogs be fed during wound healing? |
4g of protein per 100kcal |
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What should dogs be fed during wound healing? |
4g of protein per 100kcal |
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What should cats be fed during wound healing? |
6g of protein per 100kcal |
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What should patients be fed during wound healing? |
1.5 X RER |
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Give some functions of a wound dressing |
Absorb exudate Protection Prevent infection Promote wound healing Maintain a high humidity Debridement Analgesia |
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What is dehiscence? |
Breakdown of a surgical wound |