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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
angiogenesis
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the growth of new vessels from preexisting vessels
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cicatrix
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scar
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collagen
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protein that is the main component of connective tissue in the body
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debridement
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medical removal of a patient's dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue
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fibronectin
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ECM protein that binds ECM components such as fibrin, collagen, etc.
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granulation tissue
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"combination of neovascularity, ""activated"" fibroblasts and mixed inflammatory infiltrate (mostly macrophages) embedded in an edematous ground substance"
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organization
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degree of connective tissue scarring and functional impairment of the injured tissue
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proud flesh
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"exuberant granulation
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resolution
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regeneration of new cells with restoration original tissue function
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What is the end stage of the host response system to tissue injury?
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wound healing
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What is the term for the regeneration of new cells that maintain the original function of tissue that sustained damage?
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resolution
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T/F - In most instances, all original function of damaged tissue is restored in wound healing.
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"False
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What stage of somatic cell division is a cell in when it is resting/non-dividing?
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G0
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"What gene ""surveys"" DNA for mutations in the G2 phase of the somatic cell cycle?"
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p53 tumor suppressor gene
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Which type of cell continuously regenerate throughout life to replace other cells that are through normal normal physiological processes?
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"labile cells
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Which type of cell has no ability to regenerate?
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"permanent cells
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Which type of cell retains the ability to regenerate but do not do so under normal circumstances?
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"stable cells
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What are the 3 hypotheses related to stable cell proliferation?
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"1) stimulation by growth factors
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T/F - The mechanism(s) by which stable cells are stimulated to re-enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle and proliferate is well known.
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"False
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"Which theory regarding regenerative stimuli holds that polypeptide proteins attach to cell membrane receptor sites to promote DNA replication or ""prime"" the cell for DNA replication?"
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stimulation by growth factors
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progression factors (growth factors)
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promote DNA replication
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competence factors (growth factors)
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"""prime"" the cell for DNA replication"
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Which theory regarding regenerative stimuli holds that cells are some times stimulated to divide after separating from neighboring cells?
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"loss of contact inhibition
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Which theory regarding regenerative stimuli holds that a cell divides after losing cell density in tissue?
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"decrease in cellular density
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What are two types of tissue repair?
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"1) cell regeneration
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What component produces collagen to form a scar (cicatrix)?
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fibroblasts
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Which types of collagen are fibrillar in structure?
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"1) Type I
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Which type of collagen is the predominant in skin, bone and most organs?
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Type I collagen
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Which type of collagen is found especially as a constituent of basement membranes?
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Type IV collagen
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What type of repair occurs where the margins of the wound are closely coapted by sutures or other methods?
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"healing by first intention
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What are two results, on the tissue level, observed with scarring?
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"1) structural change
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What is the sequence of steps involved in healing? (6)
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"1) clot formation
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Which cofactor is vital to the process of collagen synthesis?
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"vitamin C
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What two specific conditions involved in tissue injury allow healing by first intention (primary union)?
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"1) minimal tissue loss
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How is a scab formed?
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"dehydration of fibrin-rich exudate on the external surface of tissue injury
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T/F - Granulation tissue is a good thing.
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"True
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T/F - Granulation tissue is present with granulomatous infection.
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"False
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What two specific conditions involved in tissue injury require healing by second intention (secondary union)?
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"1) more extensive tissue loss
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T/F - Healing by second intention is faster than that of first intention.
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False
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Varying degrees of which two factors determine whether tissue injury heals via primary or secondary union?
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"1) amount of tissue loss
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wound contraction
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myofibroblasts (fibroblasts containing myofilaments) at the edges of the wound contract and can significantly reduce the volume of the area that must be filled with granulation tissue and subsequent scar
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What does the tensile strength of a wound depend on?
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"1) type of collagen deposited
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Which abberation of connective tissue proliferation involves excessive buildup of granulation tissue which protrudes above the surface of the wound and prevents re-epithelialization?
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"proud flesh
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What are two conditions that will delay wound healing?
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"1) exuberant granulation (proud flesh)
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What is prevented, in healing, by the presence of proud flesh?
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prevents epithelium from closing over a wound
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T/F - Predisposition of keloid formation tends to run in families.
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"True
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Which abberation of connective tissue proliferation involves a buildup of excessive amounts of collagen leading to disfiguring scars?
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keloid formation
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What is essential for rapid healing of wounds?
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"1) nutrition (particularly vit C and zinc)
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T/F - Healing by first intention normally results in a large amount of inflammatory exudate and necrotic debris.
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"False
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Healing by first intention involves interactions between what tissue components? (4)
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"1) ECM
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In healing by first intention, what is the first action seen?
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clot formation
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What is one purpose that a scab serves in healing?
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seals the wound against invasion by microorganisms
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In the inflammation seen in primary union, what structures are formed by the inflammatory exudate and coated by plasma fibronectins?
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"fibrin strands
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What functions do fibrin strands serve in inflammation?
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"1) chemotaxis for macrophages and fibroblasts
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What are the steps of epithelial regeneration seen in healing by first intention?
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"1) re-epitheliazation (proliferation and migration to midline) within 24 hours
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"By the second day of healing by first intention, what components from healthy wound margins are ""activated"" (increased cell size due to RER increase)?"
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fibroblasts
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Around the third day of healing by first intention, what components begin to replace neutrophils?
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macrophages
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Which stage of healing by first intention (primary union) involves angiogenesis?
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neovascularization
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"What is the combination of neovascularity, ""activated"" fibroblasts and mixed inflammatory infiltrate called?"
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"granulation tissue
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What stage of healing by first intention involves collagen becoming more abundant, fibroblasts apoptosing and the vessels slowly being crowded out?
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scar formation
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In what situation would healing by second intention be seen?
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when there is sufficient loss of of tissue to prevent coaptation of wound margins (abscesses, ulcersm infarctions, etc.)
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T/F - Generally, with secondary union, there is minimal inflammatory exudate and necrotic debris that must be removed before healing can occur.
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"False
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exuberant granulation
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"""proud flesh""
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keloid formation
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"buildup of excessive amounts of collagen
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