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69 Cards in this Set
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- Back
democracy
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Government in which the people hold ruling power.
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reincarnation
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In Hinduism, belief in the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form.
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yoga
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A system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind.
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Vedic gods
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The gods that are described in the ancient Indian religious scriptures called the Vedas. The gods form the basis of Hinduism.
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Aryans
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The Aryans were a group of Indo-European nomadic people who moved from central Asia to India in about 1500 BC.
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karma
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In Hindu belief, it is all the actions that affect a person's fate in the next life.
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dharma
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In Hindu belief, it is an individual's religious and moral duties.
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deity
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A god or goddess.
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moksha
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In Hindu belief, it is the ultimate goal of existence, or achieving union with brahman.
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Mahabharata
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An ancient religious epic of India. It contains stories about gods, kings, and common people.
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Siddhartha Gautama
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Indian prince who founded the philosophy of Buddhism.
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nirvana
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In Buddhism, union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth.
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Dalai Lama
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The traditional governmental ruler and highest priest of the dominant sect of Buddhism in Tibet and Mongolia.
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Zen Buddhism
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Type of Buddhism commonly accepted in Japan. It stresses meditation and devotion to duty.
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Silk Road
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Named after China's most valuable export. This trade route eventually linked China and the Middle East.
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Alexander the Great
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Young king who created an empire which included Greece, Persia, and Northern Africa. He allowed the Hellenism, or ancient Greek culture, to spread and flourish.
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assassinate
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To murder a public figure, usually for political reasons.
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filial piety
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Respect for parents.
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philosophy
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System of ideas.
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autocrat
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Ruler with unlimited authority.
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merit
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System in which people gain success on the basis of ability and performance.
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tragedy
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In ancient Greece, it was a play that focused on human suffering and very often ended in disaster.
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Renaissance
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The period from about 1350 until 1500, during which, western Europeans experienced a profound cultural reawakening; signaled the beginning of modern times.
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citadel
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A fortress in a commanding position in or near a city.
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Homer
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Great Greek writer. He wrote the epics, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey", which are still widely read today.
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aristocracies
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Governments headed by a privileged minority or upper class.
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tyrant
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In ancient Greece, it was a ruler who gained power by force. (Not necessarily bad.)
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polis
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City-state in ancient Greece.
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helot
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Member of a class of state-owned slaves in ancient Sparta.
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oligarchy
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Government in which ruling power belongs to a few people.
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monarchy
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Government in which a king or queen exercises central power.
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direct democracy
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System of government in which citizens participate directly in the day-to-day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives.
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acropolis
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Highest and most fortified point within a Greek city-state.
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colony
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A settlement of people outside their homeland, linked with the parent country and direct government control.
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imperialism
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Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.
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jury
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Group of people sworn to make a decision in a legal case.
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Socrates
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The most famous Greek philosopher who emphasized reason and inquiry. Developed a famous questioning technique named after himself.
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heresy
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Belief that is contrary to the official teachings of the government.
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exile
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Forced removal from one's native country.
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comedy
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In ancient Greece, it was a play that mocked people or social customs.
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republic
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System of government in which officials are chosen by the people.
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patrician
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Member of the land-holding, upper class in ancient Rome.
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veto
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Power to block a government action.
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tribune
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Official who was elected by the plebeians to protect their interests.
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plebeian
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Member of the lower class in ancient Rome, including farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders.
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constitution
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Plan of government.
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consul
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Official from the patrician class who supervised the government and commanded the armies.
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praetor
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An annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republic, ranking below but having approximately the same functions as a consul.
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dictator
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Ruler who has complete control over a government; in ancient Rome, a leader was appointed to rule for six months in times of emergency.
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monopoly
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Complete control of a product or business by one person or group.
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Julius Caesar
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Skilled military commander and absolute ruler of Rome. He attempted to reform the Roman Republic before being famously assassinated.
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soothsayer
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One who claims to be able to foretell events or to predict the future.
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engineering
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Application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines.
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idealism
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The act or practice of envisioning things in an ideal form.
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realism
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Artistic movement whose aim was to represent the world as it is.
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mosaic
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Picture made from chips of colored stone or glass.
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aqueduct
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A bridge-like structure supporting a conduit or canal passing over a river or low ground.
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inflation
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Economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices, linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available.
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Jesus Christ
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The founder of Christianity.
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apostle
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Leader or teacher of a new faith or movement.
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messiah
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Savior sent by God.
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disciple
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One who embraces and assists in spreading the teachings of another. Also one of Jesus' original followers.
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martyr
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Person who suffers or dies for his or her beliefs.
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paganism
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One who has no religion.
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pope
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Head of the Roman Catholic Church.
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icon
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Holy image of Christ, the Virgin Mary, or a saint venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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bishop
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High-ranking Church official with authority over a local area, or diocese.
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province
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Land outside the city of Rome that was controlled by the Roman government.
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anarchy
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State of lawlessness or political disorder.
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