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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
altarpiece
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Work of art that decorates the space above and behind an altar.
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annul
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To declare invalid.
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baroque
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This period is defined by emphasizing the dramatic. It is bold and ornate. Popular in Europe between 1600-1750.
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celibate
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Abstaining from sexual intercourse or marriage.
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communist
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A political ideology in which the state or government owns everything. This ideology frightened Americans because with it came the loss of freedom.
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Copernican System
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The belief that the sun, not the earth, is at the center of the solar system.
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Council of Trent
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This series of meetings (lasting for more than 20 years) worked to stop Protestantism from spreading even more. Strengthened Catholic views, but also gave up controversial practices.
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denomination
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A large group of religious congregations united under a common faith and name and organized under a single administrative and legal hierarchy.
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Elizabeth I
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Beloved English queen who strengthened the British empire, displayed religious tolerance, and refused to marry.
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Eucharist
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A Christian observance honoring the sacrifice of Jesus. Also called "communion."
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excommunicate
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Formal exclusion from church membership and participation.
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Galileo
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Italian astronomer who expanded on and supported the Copernican System. He was found guilty by the Inquisition and made to recant.
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gravity
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A single force which keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun.
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Henry VIII
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King of England, who notably married several times, divorcing one wife while creating the protestant Church of England, and executing several others for not giving him a male heir.
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humanism
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An intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of humanities, which emphasized secular disciplines of rhetoric, grammar, history, and poetry.
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humanities
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The study of subjects taught in ancient Greece and Rome such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history.
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hypothesis
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A possible explanation of data proposed by scientists that is tested to prove true or false.
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indulgences
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Permissions granted for committing a sin.
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Inquisition
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A Church court to try heretics or people going against church practices.
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Isaac Newton
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British mathematician and physicist who developed the theory of gravity.
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Johannes Gutenberg
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Invented the printing press which revolutionized the spread of information.
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Italian Renaissance artist, inventor, and philosopher. Most famous for painting Mona Lisa.
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Martin Luther
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German monk who was disgusted w/ the corruption in the Catholic Church, esp. w/ the selling of indulgences. Set out to reform w/ his 95 Theses, but ended up creating a new sect called Lutheranism.
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metal alloy
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A mixture of metals.
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Michelangelo
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Renaissance painter and sculptor. Painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David.
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missionaries
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Men and women sent on a trip in an attempt to convert others to a specific religion.
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neologism
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A new word, usage, or expression.
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Nicholas Copernicus
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Polish astronomer who defied the Catholic Church with the findings that the Sun is at the center of the solar system, not the Earth.
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Ninety-Five Theses
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"List" of 95 problems that Luther found with the Catholic Church and wanted to reform.
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Parliament
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A representative body with legislative powers.
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patron
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A person who provides financial support for the arts or for specific artists.
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Peace of Augsburg
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This treaty allowed the Princes' of Germany to choose between Lutheranism and Catholicism for their principalities. If effectively divided Germany and Europe.
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penance
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A penalty paid for a sin.
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perspective
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The artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a three-dimensional effect.
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predestination
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A religious belief that God knows who will achieve salvation and guides those to their destiny.
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primogeniture
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A law in which the eldest male child or family member inherits the estate of his father or male relative.
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Protestants
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Followers of Christian faiths independent to the Catholic Church.
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renaissance
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A movement following the Middle Ages that was based on a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman culture and scholarship. ("rebirth")
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sacrament
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A religious observance or holy tradition.
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salvation
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Deliverance from the power or penalty of sin.
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scientific method
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A painstaking method used to confirm findings and to prove or disprove a hypothesis.
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Shakespeare
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English playwright and poet whose body of works is considered the greatest in English literature.
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sonnet
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A 14-line, fixed verse poem.
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tenement
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A group of apartments or rooms leased by tenants.
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tithe
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Regular contributions of money from church members.
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