World Societies Ss473 Exam 2

Front 1

Cultivation

Back 1

Preparing the land for crops. Producing more crops.

Front 2

Pastoralism

Back 2

Nomadic herding of livestock.

Front 3

Peasants

Back 3

Grow food for themselves and a small surplus for a local market.

Front 4

Nomadism

Back 4

Lifestyle where mobility is a must for finding resources.

Front 5

Generalized Reciprocity

Back 5

Sharing. Works with hunters and gatherers because they are likely related.

Front 6

Negative Reciprocity

Back 6

Bartering to gain as much as you can while giving as little as possible.

Front 7

Social Distance

Back 7

Distance between groups in a society.

Front 8

Redistribution

Back 8

Distributing wealth by social means of taxes, welfare, etc.

Front 9

Tribute

Back 9

Wealth given to a party as a sign of respect.

Front 10

Limited-Purpose Money

Back 10

Money that can only be used for certain purposes.

Front 11

Consanguines

Back 11

Having a common ancestor.

Front 12

Affines

Back 12

Relative by marriage.

Front 13

Kin Group

Back 13

Group of people connected by blood or marriage relations.

Front 14

Nuclear Family

Back 14

Parents and their children.

Front 15

Extended Family

Back 15

Group of nuclear families that are related.

Front 16

Fictive Kinship

Back 16

Being part of a family even though there is no relation by blood or marriage.

Front 17

Exogamous Rules

Back 17

Outmarriage rules. Governed by the incest taboo.

Front 18

Endogamous Rules

Back 18

Inmarriage rules. EX: 4 Castes in India. Must marry within your Caste.

Front 19

Monogamy

Back 19

Marriage between two people.

Front 20

Polygyny

Back 20

Marriage of one man to two or more women.

Front 21

Polyandry

Back 21

Marriage of one woman to two or more men.

Front 22

Group Marriage

Back 22

Marriage of two or more men to two or more women.

Front 23

Marriage Alliances

Back 23

Marriage is a form of communication and alliance between people.

Front 24

Bridewealth

Back 24

Men must pay woman's family in order to marry her.

Front 25

Brideservice

Back 25

Men must hunt with woman's father and brothers for a time in order to marry her, instead of a payment.

Front 26

Dowry

Back 26

Women's family must pay man's family in order to marry him.

Front 27

Postmarital Residence Patterns

Back 27

Where the married couple lives after marriage.

Front 28

Patrilocal Residence

Back 28

Couple moves in with the family of the husband after marriage.

Front 29

Matrilocal Residence

Back 29

Couple moves in with the family of the wife after marriage.

Front 30

Neolocal Residence

Back 30

Couple lives together.

Front 31

Avunculocal Residence

Back 31

Live with the husband's uncle after marriage.

Front 32

Patrilineal Descent

Back 32

Everything is passed down through the males in a culture.

Front 33

Matrilineal Descent

Back 33

Everything is passed down through the females in a culture.

Front 34

Lineage

Back 34

Group of extended families.

Front 35

Clan

Back 35

Group of lineages.

Front 36

Nonunilineal Descent

Back 36

Descent can go through a combination of male and females.

Front 37

Kinship Terminology

Back 37

What people in a culture call the members of their extended family and what they mean to them.

Front 38

Eskimo Terminology

Back 38

What we have in the US: Made up of aunts, uncles, and cousins.

Front 39

Hawaiian Terminology

Back 39

Aunts and uncles are known as mother and fathers. Cousins known as brothers and sisters.

Front 40

Iroquois Terminology

Back 40

Mother's and father's siblings of the same gender are known as your mother and father. Their children are your brothers and sisters. Opposite genders are your aunts and uncles.

Front 41

Omaha Terminology

Back 41

Parent’s siblings of opposite gender are treated very differently. Mother’s brother is your uncle, his son,grandsons, etc. are also your uncle.

Front 42

Rite of Passage

Back 42

Ritual to mark transition from one stage of life to the next.