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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primitive religions go back how many years?
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3 million years.
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What are some traits of primal religions?
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Small groups. Oral tradition. All life was sacred.
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Which group was located in the Russian south steps around 1800 BCE?
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Indo-aryans.
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What is the oldest religious text?
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Rig Veda
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What is soma?
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An intoxicating liquid that is thought to have caused hallucinations interpreted as 'spiritual'.
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What are the Ahuras?
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The high tier gods of the indo-aryan faith, the word means 'lords'.
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Who were the three ahuras?
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Varuna, who kept the universe running.
Mithra, who lorded over the moon. And Mazda, who was lord of wisdom and the moon. |
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What are the Devas?
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Lower tier gods of the indo-aryan faith.
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Who were the two Devas?
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Rita, who symbolized cosmic order.
Druj, who symbolized disorder. |
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Who did the Ashavans follow?
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Rita.
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Who did the Drujvants follow?
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Druj.
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Who was Indra?
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A warrior god invented by the Drujvants.
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Who was Zoroaster?
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An important religious figure during 1500 BCE. He wrote the Gathas, acting as the world's first prophet. Said Ahura Mazda was the only important god, and that all gods were either good or evil. Devas became sub-gods, and Ahriman was the first 'devil'. An afterlife was thought of for the first time.
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What were Yazatas?
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Good spirits that help people (in the Zoroastrian faith).
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Who was Ahriman?
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The opposite of Ahura Mazda, playing the role of the evil lord.
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What is Theodicy?
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The problem of evil in the case of a good god supposedly being all-powerful. How then is evil allowed to exist?
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What is ethicization?
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The idea that choices in life will determine your fate in the afterlife.
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What is trashokereti?
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A final apocalyptic battle between good and evil in the Zoroastrian faith. Good will win, the dead will be reborn on heaven-earth.
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Who is the Saashyant?
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The warrior who will turn the tide of the final battle. He is born of a virgin, and gives new life to the dead to decide who goes to heaven or hell. Part of the Zoroastrian faith.
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What religion was prominent in Iran from 600 BCE to 600 CE?
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Zoroastrianism.
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What religion first provided meaning for suffering, that you would be redeemed in the afterlife?
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Zoroastrianism.
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What sort of prayers were required in Zoroastrianism?
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5 prayers a day, in the presence of fire.
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What are Parsis?
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It is a derogatory term for 'fire-worshipers,' aka Zoroastrians.
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What did festivals entail in the Zoroastrian faith?
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They were tied to the cycles of the earth, and there were seven major ones.
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What was Naruz?
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The most important festival in the Zoroastrian faith. It was new years, celebrated on the Spring equinox.
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What is Sheol?
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The Jewish afterlife.
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What is Pairi-Daeza?
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The Iranian afterlife.
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What are magi?
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Zoroastrian priests.
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What made the Axial Age different?
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Humans began to ask philosophical questions. Why are we here? What is it to be human?
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How did the Axial Age change religion?
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Ritual and cosmic maintenance turned into ideas of self-transformation. Anthropomorphic deities were rejected.
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What culture was located in the Punjab region?
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Indus.
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What did Indus entail?
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Worship of a mother goddess. Ritual purity and cleanliness. The idea of balance (Lingam-yoni).
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