World Religions: Judaism

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Abraham

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He was the founder of Judaism, who came from Ur, in Mesopotamia.

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Bar Mitzvah

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This is the coming of age celebration for a Jewish boy. When he reaches the age of 13 a boy is considered a man.

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Brit Milah

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Meaning Circumcision. When a Jewish boy is 8 days old he must be circumcised, as part of Jewish law.

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Chanukah

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This is the feast of Dedication, also known as the festival of Lights. It takes place in November and December.

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Decalogue

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Also know as the Ten Commandments. These are the foundation of Jewish law.

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Diaspora

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The forced scattering of a people from their homeland. This happened to the Jews when they were kicked out of Israel first by the Assyrians and Babylonians, and then by the Romans.

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El Shaddai

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This is one of the Jewish names for God, meaning 'God of the Mountains'.

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Exodus

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This is the most important event in Jewish history. This is the story of how Moses led the Jewish people out of slavery in Egypt.

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Judah

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This was the Southern Kingdom of the once unified Israel. It was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 B.C.

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Kosher

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This refers to the Jewish food laws, that specify which foods are clean and okay to eat and which are not.

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Kippa

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This is a cloth head covering that is worn by men.

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Kashrut

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This is the Jewish food law that tells what foods can and cannot be eaten and how they must be prepared.

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Kabbalah

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This is a form of Judaism that has to do with more mystical traditions. The study of numerology, dreams, angels, and demons, etc.

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Menorah

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This is a branched candelabrum that is used during holidays, particularly during Hanukkah.

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Monotheism

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The belief in only one God.

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Mishnah

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This is the book which contains a compilation of all the legal commentary of Judaism.

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Pesach

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Also known as Passover, this Jewish holiday celebrates the deliverance of the Jewish people from Egypt.

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Purim

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Also known as the Feast of Lots, it celebrates the deliverance of the Jewish people from their enemies who had tried to destroy them.

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Prophet

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These were religious figures who would tell the people messages from God.

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Rabbi

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These are the religious figures who study the scriptures and teach the community.

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Rosh Hashanah

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This is the Jewish New Year, which celebrates the first day of creation.

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Reform Judaism

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This is a liberal form of Judaism which wanted to relax traditional rules to make it easier for Jews to fit into modern European societies.

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State of Israel

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Became a separate nation in 1948, but has suffered many conflicts since.

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Shavuot

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Known as the Feast of Weeks, and Pentecost, it celebrates Moses receiving the 10 Commandments.

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Shabbat

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Also known as the Sabbath, it takes place from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. It is supposed to be a day of rest when no work can be done.

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Synagogue

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A place where people of the Jewish faith assemble for prayer and study.

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Sukkot

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The 'Feast of Tabernacles', This holiday celebrates the wandering of the Hebrew people in the desert after the Exodus.

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Torah

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The Jewish scripture that contains the five books of Moses, or the first five books of the Christian Old Testament.

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Talmud

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The Jewish literature that contains the Mishnah, Laws, and Gemara, daily life.

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Temple

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Originally built by Solomon as the place of Worship for God, and location of the Ark of the Covenant.

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Tallit

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A Jewish prayer shawl.

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Yom Kippur

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This is the holiest of days in the Jewish calender. Its a day for prayers for forgiveness of sins and reconciliation.

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Yarmulke

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The traditional Jewish skullcap worn by men during worship.

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Y_hw_h

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The Holy name of God.