World Religions: Islam

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Allah

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The name of the one God, in Islam.

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Muhammad

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He is the main prophet and founder of Islam.

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Mecca

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The place of Muhammad's birth, it is one of the holiest cities in Islam. This is the location of the Ka'ba, the holiest shrine in Islam.

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Hijrah

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The Arabic word for migration, this refers to Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib) in 622 C.E.

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Jinn

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In Islam this is a creature that is created of fire and is something halfway between a human and an angel.

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Salaht

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These are the daily prayers that make up one of the five pillars in Islam.

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Hajj

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This is the pilgrimage to Mecca that every Muslim must make in their lives. It is one of the five pillars of Islam.

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Jihad

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Also means 'Holy War', or to struggle in the path of God. In Islam this can mean either a physical war or a mental/spiritual war with sin.

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Sunnis

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This is the more traditional form of Islam that follows the teaching of the Qur'an and hadith. They are the largest sect of Islam and believe that Abu-Bakr was the successor of Muhammad.

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Imam

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The man chosen by the community to lead believers in prayer.

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Qur'an

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This is the holy book of Islam, which contains the Allah inspired words of Muhammad.

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Yathrib [Medina]

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This was the city Muhammad make the Hijrah too, and became the king of, after leaving Mecca.

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Caliph

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Meaning deputy, or representative, these people were originally chosen to lead the Muslims in temporal matter. Later this honor was passed down from father to son.

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Five Pillars

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These are the five obligations that all Muslims must complete in their lives.

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Zakaht

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This means alms giving, or giving to the poor, and is one of the five pillars of Islam.

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Ramadan

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This is the holiest month in Islam when all Muslims must fast during daylight hours. This is to commemorate when Muhammad first received his revelations.

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Umayyad

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This family of Caliphs became the first Dynasty in Islam, ruling from 661 C.E. to 750 C.E.

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Hadith

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These are the traditions of Islam which are accredited to Muhammad and his followers. Sunnis follow these traditions along with the Qur'an as basic Muslim customs.

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Sufism

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This is a group in Islam that believe in a mystical union with Allah.

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Ka'ba

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This is the holly shrine in Mecca which is believe by Muslims to have been built by Abraham and his son Ishmael.

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Khadija

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She was a rich widow who would become Muhammad's first wife, and follower.

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Surahs

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These are the 114 chapters that the Qur'an is divided into.

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Ayas

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These are the verses that the Qur'an is divided into.

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Shahadah

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This is the confession of faith for Muslims which should be repeated as often as possible. It is the first thing a Muslim child hears at birth and the last thing they are to hear at death.

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Sawm

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This is Fasting, and is one of the Five Pillars a Muslim must complete in their lives. Usually this fast takes place during the month of Ramadan.

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Halal

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According to Islamic food laws these are the foods that are okay to eat.

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Haram

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According to Islamic food laws these are the foods that are forbidden.

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Abassid

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This was the Caliphate Dynasty that took over from the Umayyad Dynasty, and ruled the Muslim world from Baghdad.

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Shi'ites

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This was the Muslim group who believed that Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, was the true successor to Muhammad. They also believed that inspired leaders, called imams, would come forward and help lead the Muslim people.

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Islam

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This is the Monotheistic, Muslim religion, that was started by Muhammad in the 7th c.

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Mosque

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This is a building where Muslims gather together to pray, and be led in prayer by an Imam.

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Hafiz

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This is the title given to a person who memorizes the entire Qur'an.

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Iblis

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This is the leader of the evil Jinn, and is believed by Muslims to be the one who caused the fall of Adam.

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Haji

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This is the title given to a person who has completed a Hajj to Mecca.