World Religions

Front 1

AGNOSTIC

Back 1

"one who does not know" person who does not know for certain if there is a God

Front 2

ALLAH
333-334
348
362-370

Back 2

"The God" Arabic name for the deity used by muslims and christian arabs

Front 3

ANCESTOR VENERATION

Back 3

veneration of deceased relatives member of a family upkeep and care of graves mem. of names past generations and prayers and scrficines in honor of the dead

Front 4

ANIMISM

Back 4

the belief that all nature is alive and filled with inseen spirits that may be worshiped or placated see a soul in trees stones rivers heavenly bodies

Front 5

APOCALYPSE

Back 5

"that which is revealed" christianity judeasm, zoro, in 2nd century bce to 2nd century ce
books written in secret langauge and spoke about dramatice end of the world

Front 6

ARYAN

Back 6

sanscript "noble ones"
migrants that moved into indous valley from persuia in 2nd mill. BCE

Front 7

ASCETICISM

Back 7

practice of elf denial for various means for spiritual goals

Front 8

ATHEIST

Back 8

believe there are no Gods

Front 9

BAALIM
247

Back 9

fertility god for ancient canaanites

The gods of the Canaanites and Phoenicians who were condemmed in the bible. These followers built the Jews 1st temple

Front 10

BAPTISM

Back 10

Christianity intiatory ritual

Front 11

BAR/BAT MITZVAH

Back 11

jewish young men/women are rec. as adult members of the community

Front 12

BEATITUDES

Back 12

the first 10 versus of jesus' sermon on the mount
Characteristics of those who shall be blessed by God. Ex: Meek shall inherit the earth etc.

Front 13

BHAGAVAD GITA
89-91
111-1112

Back 13

song of the blessed lord epic poem of indian culture and religion
Postclassical Hinduism – teaches that people should perform the duties of their caste and avoid karma – open to a variety of religious expression – this makes Hinduism very tolerant of other religions – teaches that Vishu (popular Hindu God is a God who loves and is concerned about humans)

Front 14

BLACK STONE

Back 14

metorite stone in mecca the stone was an obj of vernation in preislamic arabia

Front 15

BRAHMA
93
113-115

Back 15

one of the 3 important gods in hindu worship regarded as creator of the world.
1 of 3 leaders - Gods of Hindu worship. Least attention paid to him – creator of the world

Front 16

BRAHMIN
82-93

Back 16

impersonal god seen as total reality in upinshads

is a member of a particular division of the Hindu caste system. Brahmin is also the one true reality of the upanishads (part of the vedas - India) – the only part that concerns itself with monotheism.. every other one is poltheistic –

Front 17

CABALA

Back 17

general term for mystic elements in judiasim.
400 skeptical definitions and essays on occult, paranormal,supernatural and pseudoscientific ideas and practices Judaism

Front 18

CALIPH

Back 18

successor of muhammad in leading islam at first "this" was for prophets of muhommand then took on role of dynastic political leadership

Front 19

CASTE
77
104-105

Back 19

race mult. clsses in which traditional indian society has been divided

Front 20

CHANUKAH
271

Back 20

jewish fest that rededicating of temple in 65 bce

Front 21

CONSUBSTANTIATION

Back 21

presence of the body and blood of jesus in communion

Front 22

COUNCIL of TRENT

Back 22

convended in 1545 by the catholic church to reform the church and oppose the actions of protestants

Front 23

CROMAGNON
16-17

Back 23

Wall Paintings

early human.. 25000-7000 bce

2nd of prehistoric people. wall paintings also had no written records, also buried tool with the dead, sometimes corpse was posed in a fetal position (belief in life after death – seeking rebirth)

Front 24

DALAI LAMA
144-146

Back 24

leader of the yellow hat group of the tib. buddists until the 1950's & spiritual and pol. ruler of tibet

Front 25

DEACON

Back 25

literally servant ,minister functionary of christian churches

Front 26

DHARMA

Back 26

duties incumbent on a person in hindu life based on caste and station in life

Front 27

DIASPORA
250-256

Back 27

scatterin of isrealites from their homeland 721 BCE

Front 28

DIVINATION

Back 28

prediction of future through various magical means

Front 29

ECUMENICAL MOVEMENT

Back 29

amoung modern christians attempt to minimize difference to achieve unity

Front 30

ESCHATOLOGY
228
237-240
280, 343

Back 30

doctorine concerning the end of the world

Front 31

ESSENES
252
282-287

Back 31

monastic jewish near the dead sea 1st century bce interested in eschatology

Front 32

EXTREME UNCTION

Back 32

roman cath last rite given to the dying

Front 33

FAKIR

Back 33

"poor man" member of muslim mystical brotherhood

Front 34

FETISH
21

Back 34

obj used to control nature in a magical fashion.
used in basic religions

refer to either the spiritual recluse and fierce eremite or the common street beggar who chants holy names, scriptures or verses

Front 35

GHETTO

Back 35

section of european cities where jewish people were forced to live

Front 36

GOSPEL
283-290

Back 36

"Good News" the msg concerning christ kingdome of god and salvation 1st 4 books of new testament. MMLJ tell sthe story jesus' ministry, gospels

Front 37

GURU
140
159-161

Back 37

hinduism connotates teacher in sikhism it means the leader of religion

Front 38

HAJJ
337-338
346-347

Back 38

pilgrimage each mulsim is supposed to take to the shrines in mecca

Front 39

HARA KIRI
208-210

Back 39

ritual suicide by disembowelment used by for certain dishonors by samari -belly slitting

Front 40

HASIDIM -HIGH GOD
262
273

Back 40

MOVEMENT FOUNDED IN 17TH CENT., IN POLAND - god is not to be found in research or in the tallim but by simple faith

Front 41

HIJRAH

Back 41

"migration" of muhommand and his community from mecca to medina in 622 ce

Front 42

IMAM
344
354
371

Back 42

to sunni muslims this erson leads community in prayer to the shi'ites this person was leg. successors of ali

Front 43

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

Back 43

dogmas mary was born without the taint of original sin

Front 44

KARMA
83-84
91, 118, 130

Back 44

the indian thought that binds one through cycles of life death and rebirth

Indian belief that every act and every thought had a consequence. Either in this life or the next one. Life force of the body does not die but wanders across moving onto another life and body where it continues to live out past thoughts and consequences

Front 45

KOAN

Back 45

case study riddle or tale used by zen masters to bring insight
Zen Buddists puzzle made to bring about insight

Front 46

JIHAD
349
361

Back 46

arabic term - Holy War - meaning struggle can be from mission work to armed conflict

Not quite holy war. Struggle in the path of god.. kinda like terrorists, but not always inclusive. Struggle to build a mosque, struggle against human passions. Allah rewards both physical and spiritual struggles

Front 47

KAABA

Back 47

enclosure around black stone in mecca - preislamic arabia

Front 48

KORAN
334-349
352-358
362-370

Back 48

"reading" muslim scripture

Front 49

KOSHER

Back 49

"fit or proper" clean or acceptable in judeasim

Front 50

KRISHNA

Back 50

encarnation of hindu god vishu who appears as main character in avadghada

Front 51

MAGIC

Back 51

attempts to influence actions of nature by rituals, dancers etc. properly done will cause nature to react favorably toward them

Front 52

MAHAYANA
136-146

Back 52

"great vehicle" larger more liberal branch of buddism.
believe that budda secretly taught a select group of followers therefore now they were able to accept fresh interpretations of the Buddhist concepts. Thought the Buddha was more than a man. There must be many budda’s besides the original budda

Front 53

MANTRA

Back 53

ritual sound word or phrase used ot evoke certain religious effect

Front 54

MANU, CODE of

Back 54

classic hindu literature that describes life in india between 300 bce to 300 ce

Foundation work of hindu law

Front 55

MEDICINE MAN

Back 55

native american religious functionary whose primary task is to heal by religious means

Front 56

MEGALITH

Back 56

large stone monuments (stonhenge) apparently raised in connection with religiuos practices

Neolithic!!!

Front 57

MOGHUL EMPIRE

Back 57

muslim rule of portion of india between 16-18 centuries ce

Front 58

MONOTHEISM

Back 58

belief in a single god

Front 59

MOSQUE

Back 59

muslim house of prayer - church

Front 60

MEUZZIN MUSLIM

Back 60

one who calls the muslim community to prayer 5 x per day

Front 61

NEANDERTHAL

Back 61

predecessory of homo spapiens lived from 125000-30000 bce

earliest hominid to show signs of religion, used wood and stone for tools dead were buried with tools, no written records

Front 62

NEOLITHIC
17-19

Back 62

agriculture

late stone age era 7000-3000 bce when most tools functions were constructed from stone

Basic religion – after Neandrathal & CroMagnon. Also used stone tools and weapons, however, also used agriculture as a way of life, land ownership, because of this became very interested in appeasing nature, earth, sun, moon, stars. They were also responsible for the megaliths
Animism, magic, divination, taboo, totems, sacrifice, myths, rites of passage, & ancestor veneration,

Front 63

NINETY FIVE THESES

Back 63

95 points points of controversy submitted by martin luther as grounds for debate in 1517

Front 64

NIRVANA

Back 64

"blowing out" relief from life death birth cycle

In the Indian religions Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism, describe the state of moksha (or release from the birth death, rebirth cycle) and is spoken about in the Bhagavad Gita

Front 65

OM MANI PADMI HUM

Back 65

tibetian buddism chant that means om the jewel of the lotus humm...

Front 66

PARABLE

Back 66

short meaningful story that jesus told

Front 67

PASSOVER

Back 67

jewish - celebrated in the spring deliverance of the isrealites from slavery

Passover is the 8 day observance commemorating the freedom and exodus of the Israelites (Jewish slaves) from Egypt during the reign of the Pharaoh Ramses II.
Moses told the Pharaoh “let my people go” In order to encourage the Pharaoh to free the Israelites, G-d intended to kill the first-born of both man and beast. To protect themselves, the Israelites were told to mark their dwellings with lamb's blood so that G-d could identify and "pass over" their homes

Front 68

PENANCE

Back 68

sacriment of catholic in which confession and perform an act to show sorrow and repentance

Front 69

PENTECOST
318

Back 69

christian festival 50 days after passover celebrates the coming of the holy spirit to the church

One of the most ancient of Christian holy days. Commemorated the giving of the law on Mt Sinai after the exodus. Holy spirit sent the disciples gathered in Jeruselum out to preach their new faith… birthday of the church

Front 70

PEYOTE

Back 70

cactus plant - hallucenic used in religious rites in native american church

Front 71

POLYTHEISM

Back 71

belief in more than 1 deity

Front 72

QUR’AN

Back 72

literally reading of muslim scripture

Front 73

RABBI

Back 73

jewish religious leader.. master teacher

Front 74

RAMADAN
336
344-348
359

Back 74

month during which devote muslim do not eat or drink between sunrise or sunset

There are 5 things Muslim have to do to be good muslims – 4th is this – fast during the month of Ramadan

Front 75

RITE of PASSAGE

Back 75

any various rituals that mark phases in a persons life

Front 76

ROSH HASHANA
270

Back 76

jewish new year

1st & 2nd days of the month of Tishre (sept-oct) believed to be the first days of creation

Front 77

SABBATH

Back 77

jewish .. 7th day for worship and rest

Front 78

SAMURAI

Back 78

medival japenses knights

bushido is their warrior code

Front 79

SEPPUKU (SEPPKU) (Hara Kiri)
208-210

Back 79

ritual suicide by disembowlment

Practiced by japanese samurai warriors, bushido is the warrior code

Front 80

SHAHADAH
344

Back 80

creedal statement of islam there is no god but God and muhammand is msgr of god

There are 5 things Muslim have to do to be good muslims – 1st is this –
1. repetition of the creed – there is no god but Allah;Muhammad is the msgr of Allah
(others to know are )
2. daily prayer
3. almsgiving
4. fast during month of Ramadan
5. pilgrimage to to Mecca

Front 81

SHAMAN
22

Back 81

term from an indiginous lang. refers to one who is possesed by the gods and can therefore predict the future

Basic religion – in the peoples of Siberia one who can do divination – becomes possessed by the spirits and speaks messages to the group

Front 82

SHI’ITE
236
371-373

Back 82

muslim "the party of" group who is 14% of all muslims believe the ligitemate successor to muhammand was son in law & cousin ali

Front 83

SHINTO

Back 83

"way of the gods" native religion of japan.
polytheistic, animistic, ancestor veneration, reverence for the nation itself

Front 84

SHIVA
78
93-95

Back 84

most popular god in post classical hinduism - stood for death an destruction along with birth and reproduction

not in Veda literature, developed from the Aryan God Rudra

Front 85

SIKHISM
156

Back 85

an indian religion blends hinduism & islam

Front 86

SUNNI MUSLIMS

Back 86

most muslims are sunni tradionalists who aaccept traditional lines of caliphs

Front 87

SUMMA THEOLOGIAE

Back 87

massive systematic theology by thomas eqquinas which became standard for catholic theology

Front 88

SYNAGOGUE

Back 88

jewish church - assembly meeting of jews for study & prayer

Front 89

TABOO

Back 89

action that must be avoided because of harmful effects walking under a ladder

Front 90

TALMUD
84
254-262

Back 90

encylopedic collection of mishna germanra the literary source of post biblical judeasm - palestin and babylonian

is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. It is a fundamental source of legislation, customs, case histories and moral exhortations. has two components, the Mishnah which is the first written compilation of Judaism's Oral Law, and the Gemara, a discussion of the Mishnah. Exapnds the earlier writings in the Torah

Front 91

TORAH
221
252-258
269

Back 91

jewish - usually translates as law general term in hebrew bible.. 1st 5 books of the bible
Summary of the laws of the Talmud

Front 92

TOTEMISM

Back 92

ojibwa ototeman involves recognition between relationship between (certain animal) totem and people

Front 93

TRANSUBSTANTIATION

Back 93

the miracle change where the eucharistic elements become the body & blood of christ while keeping only the appearance of bread of wine

Front 94

VATICAN II

Back 94

council called by the roman catholic church in 1962 took broad steps to modernise nd mend relations with the jews eastern orthodox church & protestants

Front 95

VEDA
78-81
108-109

Back 95

basically collection of hymms to aran gods applies to entire collection of indian sacred hymms sared literature

Oldest sacred books of hinduis. Basic source of the hindu in understanding the universe. There are 4 basic books. Each is made up of 4 parts, includes basic descriptions and mythology of the various Aryan and preAryan Gods.

Front 96

YANG
172

Back 96

positive force in nature recognised in early chinese religion

Front 97

YARMULKE

Back 97

skull cap worn by jewish malesthat worship

Front 98

YHWH
225-228
245-251

Back 98

jewish god god who revealed himself to moses and became god of the iseralites

Front 99

YIN
172

Back 99

neg force in nature - chinese religion

Front 100

YOM KIPPUR
270
345

Back 100

jewish day of atonement
Day of Atonement – most important holiday of the jewish year. It is a day set aside to "afflict the soul," to atone for the sins of the past year.

Front 101

ZEN
140-143

Back 101

budism form of myan buddist that teaches real truth about life comes from intuitive flashes of insight

Front 102

ZIONISM
263-264

Back 102

movement founded in late 19th cent theo. hertzel.. find a national home for jews scattered throughout the world

Theo was an American journalist looking to find a home to the jews. Believed jews would never be treated fairly until then

Front 103

Religions from India

Back 103

4 types: polytheistic, reincarnation, seek release from birth death cycle,
1. Hinduism
2. Jainism
3. Buddism – also found in Asia – China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Burhma, Cambodia, and Thailand
4. Sikhism – only 1 God

Front 104

Religions from China and Japan

Back 104

polytheistic, animistic, ancestor veneration,
1. Taoism
2. Confusucianism
3. Shinto – also includes reverence for the nation itself

Front 105

religions from the Middle East

Back 105

monotheistic, live only 1 earthly life, divine judgement
1. Zoroastrianism
2. Judaism
3. Christianity – missionary religion
4. Islam – missionary religion
5. Baha’i

Front 106

Judaism & Islam –

Back 106

Founder and prophet of Islam – Muhammad accepted the Jewish bible as sacred writings – both believe in 1 eternal God and did not believe in idolatry

Front 107

Judaism & Christianity –

Back 107

The division was not the prophet.. Jews were willing to believe in new prophets, it was the acceptance of non-Jews into the Christian community who were not forced to follow Jewish laws – circumcision, or kosher food laws etc

Front 108

Gemara –

Back 108

Additional material (sermonic, illustrative, & interpretive) is listed under the title of Gemara.this literature dealt with every area of jewish life. Gemara & the Mishnah together became the Talmud

Front 109

Basic Religions –

Back 109

Neandrathal
CroMagnon
Neolithic