Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Shangdi
|
"Lord on High" Religious Non-Human god who gradually came to be viewed as the first human ancestor of the Shang people and the most powerful ancestor spirit.
|
|
|
Shangdi
|
Religious Non-Human god
|
|
|
Tian
|
"Heaven"- The tribal God of the Zhou Dynasty
|
|
|
Mandate of Heaven (Tianming)
|
When heaven grants the rights to rule to the virtuous and moral leader who maintains correctness and provides for the people
|
|
|
Qin Dynasty
|
Had a vicious ruler that caused corruption. There state orthodoxy is legalism (ruled by law and punishment).
|
|
|
Kongzi
|
The Founder of Confucianism (HE IS CONFUCIUS)
|
|
|
Mengzi
|
A Confucian thinker that believes human nature is good.
|
|
|
The Analects
|
A collection of short literary or philosophical extracts.
|
|
|
De (Te)
|
"Viture"- Moral Worthiness
|
|
|
Dao (Tao)
|
"The Way"- The unique moral paths to become a true human being.
|
|
|
Ren
|
The ideal relationship between any two human beings.
|
|
|
Li
|
Propriety "The way things should be done."
|
|
|
Zhuangzi
|
Daoist philosopher who believes that death is a natural transformation.
|
|
|
Ziran
|
Natural unforced action. Example is moving with the Dao (nature) like water .
|
|
|
Wuwei
|
"No Action" effortless action in attempt to move in the "natural" way.
|
|
|
Qi (Ch'i)
|
Vital Energy
|
|
|
Qi (Ch'i)
|
Vital Energy
|
|
|
Junzi (Chun tzu)
|
Gentlemen; morally virtuous human being.
|
|
|
Yin
|
Characteristics include; female, passive, dark, weak etc.
|
|
|
Yang
|
Characteristics include; masculine, strong, powerful.
|
|
|
Xiao
|
Filial Piety (Respecting parents and elders) the key to all virtues.
|
|
|
Laozi
|
(Old Master) The author of the Daodejing.
|
|
|
Name the five human relationships in Confucianism. Why is family so important to Confucius?
|
1. Parent/Child
2. Husband/Wife 3. Older/Younger siblings 4. Ruler/Subject 5. Friends. *Family is important because they help develop moral and virtuous human beings. |
|
|
Describe the Confucian virtue of xiao. What is it and why does Confucius think it is so important?
|
Xiao is the concept of “Filial piety” which is key to all virtues. Developing respect and obeying your parents will help a person to be respectful those outside of the family.
|
|
|
Describe the Confucian view of education and learning. According to Confucius, what is the goal of learning and why is it so important?
|
The goal of learning is to become a moral and virtuous human-being which comes from education. Its not about developing a specific skill, but developing a moral character in society
|
|
|
Describe the Confucian view of government. Does he think the ruler should rule by law or virtue?
|
Confucius supports ruling by virtue. By setting a moral example you influence people. When there is a moral and virtuous leader, people wouldn’t have to be forced by law; instead they would want to be more virtuous like the leader and developing a sense of morality and shame.
|
|
|
Mengzi said, "People have a common saying: "The world, the state, the family.' The root of the world lies in the state; the root of the state lies in the family; the root of the family lies in oneself." What does he mean?
|
In order for their to be order in the state or in the family their must be order within oneself. Start with order of self; then order of family then order of society.
|
|
|
Compare and contrast the Mohist view of universal love with the Confucian view of differentiated love.
|
The Mohist believe that one should care for everyone the same whereas the Confucians believe that we naturally have more love and care for family and friends than a strangers.
|
|
|
Describe the Confucian virtue of Ren. How is it similar to the golden rule of Jesus?
|
"Do not do unto others what you don't want done unto you"
|
|
|
Describe Mengzi's view of human nature.
|
Mengzi's view of human nature is that all humans are potentially good. Mengzi believes that their are 4-feelings of humanism including; compassion, disdain, respect, rationality (right & wrong). He backs this theory by using the "baby falling in a well" he believes any human would at least have some sense of compassion whether that person would save the baby or not which makes all humans potentially good.
|
|
|
Define the meaning of Qi and describe one or two ways in which the Daoist attempt to maximize and further the flow of Qi
|
The vital energy is to prolong the life span. Examples include accipunture, which increases the flow of Qi by focuses cetain energies in certain places of his body, and the man keeping the semen in his body, and also drawing the yin from the woman
|
|
|
Briefly explain the story of the farmer whose horse ran away. What does this story reveal about the Daoist view of good and bad
|
Horse running away strory.
It resembles then yin and yang theory that good and bad can not exist without the other. |
|
|
Why is the movement of the Dao comparec to the movement of the water. According to the Daodejing, should humans attempt to model themselves on the movement of the Dao
|
Harmonize with the Dao, and you will live a longer and healthier life. This is due to natural unforced action going with the Dao rather than against it.
|
|
|
Chapter 48 of the Daodejing says, "In the pursuit of learning, one does more each day; In the pursuit of the Way one does less each day." What does this mean?
|
It is suggesting to devalue and unlearn the ways of high-culture and return to a more natural and simplistic way of living to be freed from the corruption of society.
|
|
|
Chapter 60 to the Daodejing says, "Ruling a great state is like cooking a small fish." What does this mean?
|
The fish analogy is suggesting that a small fish has to be cooked with care and not tampered with so much or else it will fall apart. This applies to ruling a state. Let things be natural otherwise the state will fall apart.
|
|
|
Describe the ideal Daoist community as portrayed in chapter 80 of the Daodejing.
|
Overall, the daoist believe that you should simplify with little need for material possessions. Some ideas include; reducing the size of state, never use labor-saving tools etc.
|
|
|
Explain Zhuangzi's view of death. Use the story about his wife's death as an example.
|
Zhuangzi views death as a natural transformation. He compares death to the four seasons of nature and how they move into each other just as life and death move one into the other.
|
|
|
Describe the daoist view of the relationship between humans and nature. Would a Daoist agree with the west's tendancy to exploit and dominate nature?
|
The Daoist believe that humans should be in harmony with nature. Daoist do not view that humans are superior to nature. Overall the goal is to harmonize with the Dao not go against it.
|
|
|
Contrast Confucianism and Daoism view of the cultural arts.
|
Confucians highly respect the arts while the Daoists are very critical to cultural arts.
|
|
|
Explain the five themes that characterize confucianism.
|
1. Happiness in the everyday world; emphasizes developing one’s moral, ethical character and advocates living a good, happy life in the "here and now."
2. Tradition; Confucius looked back to the ritual practices, music, literature and teachings of the Western Zhou dynasty to respond to the social and political problems of his day. 3. The Family; it is in the family that one first begins to acquire the virtues and develop one’s moral character. 4. Rituals; Rituals help express and reinforce emotions that are conducive to engaging with others within the family and with others outside the family in society at large. 5. Self-Cultivation; n. Rather, one must become fully human—that is, one must strive to develop one’s moral, virtuous character and become the true Gentleman (junzi 君子) one who embodies the Confucian virtue of ren 仁. |
|
|
Contrast Confucious and Laozi's response to warring states China.
|
Confucious responded by looking to the Zhou Dynasty (high-culture) and believed that they should mimic their culture to restore the golden age. * Confucius tried to carry this out through becoming a government official but found more success by spreading his ideas through his students. Laozi on the other hand goes even further before high-culture and civilization to a time of simplicity before the corruption of society.
|
|
|
Describe the story of Cook Ding.
|
Cook Ding was a highly skilled butcher (compared to an artist) who was so skilled in his craft that he could cut up an ox without hitting a bone or tendon because he sees beyond the ox. This analogy describes following the path of least resistance. If you follow the Dao (the Way) you are least likely to come across "bone" or "tendons" through your life's journey.
|
