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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Emic (perspective)
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Insider (perspective)
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Etic
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Outsider (perspective)
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Ethnocentrism
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Cultural superiority assumption; hurts/miscommunicates passage of meaning. Judge another culture from own perspective.
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Ethnomusicology
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Study of music within contemporary cultural context
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Fieldwork
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Study of music in original context
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Sound/setting/significance
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Focus of study in ethnomusicology
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Semiotics
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Field studying systems of symbols and their meanings; music is a neutral symbol (people can apply their own meaning to it that may or may not match creator's)
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Properties of music
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Pitch
Melody Harmony Melodic Shape Timbre Rhythm/meter Phonic Structure Form Composed/Improvised |
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Pitch
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Frequency of sound (high/low)
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Melody
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Organized succession of pitches, musical idea
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Harmony
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Multiple pitches played at overlapping frequencies
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Melodic Shape
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Direction/shape of melody
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Scale
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Series of pitches (usually in ascending order) used in a musical tradition
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Interval
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"Distance" between pitches (wide/narrow)
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Range
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Span of pitches an instrument/voice can produce (wide/narrow)
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Timbre
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Quality of musical sound, closely related to harmonics and linked to medium
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Harmonics
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Resonations within a sound wave (even ratios make consonant harmony)
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Duration
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Rhythm, how long something happens (fast, slow, polyrhythm)
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Rhythm
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Metered, unmetered, polyrhthm, accented, density
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Meter
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Grouping of beats (duple, triple)
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Dynamics
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Volume (Forte/pianissimo)
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Phonic Structure
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Relationship between sounds
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Monophony
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Single melodic line (or multiple lines an octave apart)
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Biphony
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Melody with drone
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Homophony
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Melody with harmony (chords), same meter
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Independent Polyphony
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More than one melodic line, independent ideas (rounds count, too)
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Heterophony
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One melody with simultaneous variations (one adds ornamentation)
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Form
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How melody is put together, pattern of music
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Strophic Form
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Music repeats, lyrics change (Scotsman's kilt)
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Refrain
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Section with repeated music (and sometimes words), not a chorus
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Through-composed
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Neither text nor music repeat
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Composition
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Creating a piece
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Improvisation
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Impromptu composition during performance
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Organology
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Study of musical instruments
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Sachs-Hornbostel system
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Standard classification system for instruments; based on what is being vibrated to produce sound
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Aerophone
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Vibration of air (flutes, reeds, trumpets, bellows-driven)
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Chordophone
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1+ strings stretched between two points (can have frets or not)
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Membranophone
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Vibration of membrane stretched over hollow, resonating body
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Idiophones
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Vibration of instrument itself; metallophones are also idiophones
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Electrophone
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Vibration of.. speakers?
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Culture
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System of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which people communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life. - Geertz (1973)
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Vietnam Highlands vs Lowlands
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Highlands/Uplands have slash-and-burn nomads with a very communal nature and a strong association with the afterlife. Lowlands are more cities with rice-growing majority agriculture composed of Viet people.
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Song Lang
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"Slit-drum" clapper used in Nhac Tai Tu Chamber music (lowlands, S. Vietnam)
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Pi
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Double-reed aerophone in piphat music from Thailand that plays freeform
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Ching
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Cup-shaped cymbals used in Piphat music
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Khru
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Thai version of guru, teachers are sacred (book example of piphat music is a teacher-greeting ceremony)
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Khon
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Masked drama based on Thai version of Ramayana
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Ramayana
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Thai Classical Dance... See flashcard
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Thai Classical Dance
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Slow, restrained, mostly hand movements, elaborate staging, repetitive melody, tells story of Ramayana
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Isan
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Northeast Thailand, culture with old-fashioned and newer forms together
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Khaen
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Bamboo, free-reed mouth organ in Northeast Thailand, can play "chords"
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Lam Sing
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Racing Songs (faster), book example of lam klawn is lam sing
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Phleng Luk Thung
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Popular, modern music of Isan (means "child of the fields," like country music).
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Gamelan
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Ensemble from Indonesia with membranophones and metallophones (mostly metallophones)
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Pelog
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Scale used in gamelan with 7 pitches from which you choose 5 to use in melody. Tuning system
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Slendro
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Scale used in gamelan with 5 pitches equidistant from each other. Tuning system
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Kecak
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Balinese theatrical performance of Ramayana
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Shadow puppets
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Oops
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Balalaika
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Triangular chordophone used in Russian music, 3 strings, means "to chat", visual symbol of Russian musical identity
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Flamenco
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Vocals with guitar accompaniment; passionate singing and vibrant rhythm
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Duende
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Passion, essential in Flamenco performance
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Bagpipes
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Scotland: Reed aerophone with bellows and chanter (melody pipe)
Ireland: bellows-driven (uillean - elbow), can play chords but is quieter |
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Pibroch
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Scottish extended theme-and-variations structure
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Rom
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Gypsies, Hungarian
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Hurdy Gurdy
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Chordophone common in France and Hungary; uses wheel turned by crank to vibrate strings (like violin kinda)
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Cimbalom
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Hammered dulcimer used in Rom music (Tekero)
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