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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
polyrhythm
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multiple rhythms
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Maraca/Shekere
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gourd rattle from Ghana with external bead netting
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Donno
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double headed hourglass shaped drum
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palm wine guitar
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popular music style where folk musicians would play for drinks
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highlife
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a broad label for variety of urban popular music in Ghana
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pygmies
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people from Central Africa with a smaller stature named by white conquerors
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The Forest People of Central Africa
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pygmies...basically.
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Herbie Hancock "watermelon man"
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a song with pygmy influence
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Madonna "Sanctuary"
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yet another song with pygmy influenced. she sampled from 'watermelon man'
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balafon
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a xylophone from West Africa played by oral historians
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mbalax
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popular music genre in Senegal that combines praise singing and percussion with afro-cuban rhythmic and other popular elements
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Jali/griot
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a poet/praise singer and oral historian
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Oral tradition
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messages and testimony transmitted orally
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Akan drumming
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drumming by people inhabiting southern Ghana
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birimintingo
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the instrumental solo sections of a jali performance from West Africa
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kumbengo
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the sung sections of a jali performance from West Africa
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Yossou N'Dour
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Senegalese singer of mbalax hella popular
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emic
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an insiders cultural perspective
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etic
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an outsiders cultural perspective
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santur
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hammered zither from Persian classical tradition
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baglama
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round bodied lute from Turkey
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zurna
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double-reed aerophone from Turkey and Greece
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Ki Mantle Hood
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American ethnomusicologist specializing in Indonesian Gamelan music
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bimusicality
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method of learning about music by learning how to play the instrument being studied. created by Mantle Hood
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Alan Merriam
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ethnomusicologist who published The Anthropology of Music where defined ethnomusicology as 'the study of music in culture'
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armchair ethnomusicology
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when ethnomusicologists base their fieldwork on recordings made by others
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indigenization
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to force local cultures to adopt another
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labels: classical, folk, popular
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terms most commonly used to categorize and distinguish among various types of music. they assert a hierarchical value system where classical is considered highest, folk much less than that, and popular as the lowest level
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Erik von Hornbostel and Kurt Sachs
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ethnomusicologists that made a standard classification system for musical instruments
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aerophone
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instruments that require air to produce sound (flutes, reeds, trumpets...)
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chordophone
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four types of stringed instruments: lutes, zithers, harps, lyres
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idiophone
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instruments that themselves vibrate to produce sounds: bells, rattles...etc
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membranophone
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instruments, such as drums, that use a vibrating stretched membrane as principal means of sound production
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timbre
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the tone quality of musical sound (describing the sound)
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medium
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source of sound (instrument or voice)
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organology
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study of musical instruments
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fret
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bar or ridge found on chordophones that allow you to change the pitch
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phonic structure
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relationship between different sounds in given piece
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texture
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phonic structure
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monophony
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music with single melodic line
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polyphony
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juxtaposition of multiple lines of music (homophony, independent polyphony, heterophony)
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homophony
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multiple lines of music expressing same musical idea in same meter (harmonizations)
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independent polyphony
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multiple lines of music expressing independent musical ideas as a whole
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heterophony
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multiple performers playing simultaneous variations of the same line of music
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dynamics
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the relative volume of musical sound
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form
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the overall pattern of a piece of music as it unfolds in time
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pitch
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tone's specific frequency level, measured in hertz
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tuning system
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all the pitches common to a musical tradition
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ornamentation
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an embellishment or decoration of a melody
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melody
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organized succession of pitches forming a musical idea
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melodic contour
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general direction and shape of melody
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drone
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a continuous sound
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text setting
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rhythmic relationship of words to melody; can be syllabic or melismatic
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melisma
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term for a text-setting style; more than one pitch is sung per syllable
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syllabic
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text setting in which only one pitch is sung per syllable
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rhythm
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the lengths, or durations, of sounds as patterns in time
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beat
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a regular pulsation
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accent
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an emphasized beat
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tempo
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the relative rate of speed of a beat
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rhythmic density
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the quantity of notes between periodic accents or over a specific unit of time
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meter
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division of music beats into regular groupings
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privilege
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accommodations give to the privileged certain groups in society. if you enjoy privilege you usually don't notice it
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fieldwork
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first hand study of music in original context
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Gerhard Kubik
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ethnomusicologist from Vienna who worked primarily in Africa
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kwela
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dance music popular amongst South Africans; includes a whistle
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Frances Densmore
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ethnomusicologist who worked directly with Native American singers/instrumentalists and wrote books and articles
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John Blacking
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british anthropologist who defined music as 'humanly organized sound'
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