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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Telemachus
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Odysseus' son
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Penelope
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Odysseus' wife, spends her days in the palace pining for the husband who left for Troy twenty years earlier and never returned.
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Athena
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Daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom, purposeful battle, and the womanly arts. Athena assists Odysseus and Telemachus with divine powers throughout the epic, and she speaks up for them in the councils of the gods on Mount Olympus. She often appears in disguise as Mentor, an old friend of Odysseus.
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Poseidon
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God of the sea, despises Odysseus for blinding his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus
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Zeus
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King of gods and men, who mediates the disputes of the gods on Mount Olympus. Father of Athena
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Calypso
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The beautiful nymph who falls in love with Odysseus when he lands on her island-home of Ogygia. Calypso holds him prisoner there for seven years until Hermes, the messenger god, persuades her to let him go.
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Circe
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The beautiful witch-goddess who transforms Odysseus’s crew into swine when he lands on her island. With Hermes’ help, Odysseus resists Circe’s powers and then becomes her lover, living in luxury at her side for a year.
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Tiresias
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A Theban prophet who inhabits the underworld. Tiresias meets Odysseus when Odysseus journeys to the underworld in Book 11. He shows Odysseus how to get back to Ithaca and allows Odysseus to communicate with the other souls in Hades.
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Agememnon
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Former king of Mycenae, brother of Menelaus, and commander of the Achaean forces at Troy. Odysseus encounters Agamemnon’s spirit in Hades. Agamemnon was murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover, Aegisthus, upon his return from the war. He was later avenged by his son Orestes.
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Nausicaa
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The beautiful daughter of King Alcinous and Queen Arete of the Phaeacians. Nausicaa discovers Odysseus on the beach at Scheria and, out of budding affection for him, ensures his warm reception at her parents’ palace.
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Alcinous
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King of the Phaeacians, who offers Odysseus hospitality in his island kingdom of Scheria. Alcinous hears the story of Odysseus’s wanderings and provides him with safe passage back to Ithaca.
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Arete
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Queen of the Phaeacians, wife of Alcinous, and mother of Nausicaa. Arete is intelligent and influential. Nausicaa tells Odysseus to make his appeal for assistance to Arete.
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"Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns
driven time and again off course, once he had plundered the hallowed heights of Troy. Many cities of men he saw and learned their minds, many pains he suffered, heartsick on the open sea, fighting to save his life and bring his comrades home. But he could not save them from disaster, hard as he strove— the recklessness of their own ways destroyed them all, the blind fools, they devoured the cattle of the Sun and the Sungod blotted out the day of their return. Launch out on his story, Muse, daughter of Zeus, start from where you will—sing for our time too." |
Calypso makes this final plea to Odysseus in Book 5, begging him to stay with her, and her temptation trumps all those Odysseus has seen before (5.223–232). She not only promises to save him from having to face future woes but to give him what no other human character in the Odyssey has: immortality. But Odysseus is not interested. All he wants is his home and wife, even though he admits in ensuing lines that Penelope cannot match Calypso in beauty.
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"Sing in me muse, and through tell me the story of that man skilled in all ways of contending.."
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The beginning of the Odyssey. "sing in me" is an innvocation for a muse to sing through him, and also denotes oral tradition
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What sparked the Trojan War?
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Paris (Prince of Troy) kidnapped Helen and steals the king's money and returns to Troy
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How long did the Trojan War last?
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10 years, ended with the Trojan Horse (dreamed of by Odysseus)
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Aris
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Goddess of discourd, makes a golden apple with words "for the fairest" written on it and stirs up trouble with Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, who fight over the apple. Zeus denies to be the judge, and tells Paris to choose. Chose Aphrodite, and visits the king of Sparta, sees Helen and kidnaps her.
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Odysseus
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-Skilled in all ways contending
-Can do it ALL, good @ every fight/struggle -smartest of all Greeks alive |
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Who does Zeus send to free Odysseus from Kalypso?
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His son, Hermes
He says: "Let him depart. But let him have no company, gods or men, only a raft that he must lash together." |
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"Even a god who found this place would gaze, and feel his heart beat with delight: so Hermes did; but when his gaze was full he entered the wide cave."
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Kalypso's cave was breathtaking, even for a god
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How did Kalypso greet Hermes?
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She immediately started questioning his reason for coming, not a customary way to greet a guest (esp. a god)
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"Goddess to god, you greet me, questioning me? Where here is truth for you in courtesy, Zeus made me come, and not my inclination."
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Hermes said to Kalypso, he was offended by her lack of hospitality and gave it to her straight
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How does Kalypso send Odysseus off?
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Acts as though she is willing him to go, despite being forced.
Tells him he needs to build a boat and she will send him with food and wine |
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How does Odysseus react to Kalypso's release?
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"For all he endured, Odysseus shuddered."
He doesn't believe her, he thinks he will die if he tries to cross the ocean. Thinks it's a trick. |
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"What a dog you are! And not for nothing learned having the wit to ask this of me! My witness then be earth and sky, and dripping Styx that I swear by--the gay gods cannot swear more seriously-- that I have no further spells to work against you."
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Kalypso assures Odysseus that she is not tricking him, even though he should have every reason to be suspicious
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How does Kalypso challenge and temp Odysseus one last time?
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"Can I be less desirable than she?" he tries to get him to stay by questioning his loyalty to Penelope, andOdysseus the strategist replies with compliments.
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"My lady goddess, here is no cause for anger. My quiet Penelope--how well you know--would seem a shade before your majesty, death and old age being unknown to you, while she must die. Yet it is true, each day I long for HOME, long for the sight of HOME."
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Odysseus deflects Kalypso into thinking he just wants to go home, and that she IS the fairest. He is a good talker, and can face anything.
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How long did it take Odysseus to build his raft to leave Kalypso's island?
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4 days, with tools Kalypso gave him to use
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How long was Odysseus at sea until he reached Skheria?
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17 days, he made it with the guidance of the constellations Kalypso gave him to use
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"Here is a pretty cruise! While I was gone the gods have changed their minds about Odysseus. Look at him now, just offshore of that island that frees him from the bondage of his exile! Still I can give him a rough ride in, and will."
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Poseidon sees Odysseus nearing the shore of Skheria and causes hurricane winds and rough seas. Odysseus thinks its the end.
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Ino
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sees Odysseus helpless in the sea offshore of Skheria and gives him a sash that will save him from drowning.
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What does Odysseus think of Ino's sash?
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He thinks it's a ruse to trick him to abandon his ship to his death. But Poseidon's hurricane sent him flying off the ship into the sea.
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How long did Odysseus drift in the sea with Ino's sash?
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3 days, and then he saw land. The shore was rocky and would kill him. He grabbed onto one and held tightly and made. Then he swam to a calm river.
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How did Athena appear to Nausikaa?
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As Dymas' daughter, a girl the same age
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"How so remiss, and yet thy mother's daughter? leaving thy clothes uncared for, Nausikaa, when soon thou must have store of marriage linen, and put thy minstrelsy in wedding dress! Beaty, in these, will make the folk admire and bring thy father and gentle mother joy, let us go to the washing in the shine of morning!"
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Athena says to Nausikaa, this is how Athena gets Nausikaa to find Odysseus and help him
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Who did Odysseus meet at the river at Skheria?
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Nausikaa, she was washing clothes with her maids. Odysseus approached them like a mountain lion, looking terrible and worn out.
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How did Odysseus talk to Nausikaa upon meeting her?
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"In his swift reconing, he thought it best to trust in words to please her--and keep away; he might anger the girl, touching her knees."
He uses flattery to "trick" her into offering him things without him having to ask. |
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How does Athena help Odysseus before his introduction to Alkinoos?
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She made him seem taller, and beautiful to appeal to strangers to gain respect.
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How does Athena help Odysseus on his way to the palace of Alkinoos?
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She poured a sea fog around him as he went so no one would stop him, and appeared to him as a little girl that led him to the palace
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What does Odysseus think of the Palace of Alkinoos?
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It is VERY rich, and civilized..the most amazing place he's ever seen. It seems magical.
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"He moved then, toward the fire, and sat him down amid the ashes. No one stirred or spoke until Ekheneos broke the spell."
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Odysseus sat on the hearth of fire, which was known to be sacred, for safety.
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Akheneos
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eldest of the Phaiakians, an oracle, versed in the laws of manners and old time. Greets Odysseus and tells Alkinoos to treat him with courtesy.
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How did Alkinoos welcome Odysseus?
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Let him sit in his son's throne to let him know they honored him
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"In due course we shall put our minds upon the means at hand to take him, safely, comfortably, well and happily, with speed to his own country....If, as may be, he is some god, come down from heaven's height the gods are working strangely."
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Alkinoos welcomed Odysseus, also cautious about whether he was a god or not, or if he was real...
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"Body and birth, a most unlikely god am I, being all of earth and mortal nature. I should say, rather, I am like those men who suffer the worst trials that you know,"
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Odysseus uses his wisdom to deny his being a god, but spark Alkinoos' interest with stories
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When Arete finally speaks to Odysseus, how does she react?
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She noticed his cloak and tunic are her own, and speaks forwardly asking where they came from.
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How does Odysseus win Alkinoos' and Arete's approval?
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He tells a bit of his journey, and then compliments their daughter, without sounding like he wanted to sleep with her
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What does Alkinoos offer Odysseus?
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A ride home and a crew to sail him there all while Odysseus sleeps
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How does Athena help Odysseus when Alkinoos introduces him to his people to ask for their help in bringing him home?
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ensures attendance by spreading word that the topic of discussion will be the godlike visitor who recently appeared on the island
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What did Alkinoos do the night before he sent Odysseus on his voyage home?
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a feast (a lot of meat) and celebration of games
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What happened when Demodocus sings a song at the feast?
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a blind bard who sings of the quarrel between Odysseus and Achilles at Troy. Everyone listens with pleasure except Odysseus, who weeps at the painful memories that the story recalls. The king notices Odysseus’s grief and ends the feast so that the games can begin.
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What does Seasearch do during the games at the celebration?
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He challenges Odysseus to a game, and starts a fight. Odysseus doesn't want to embarrass him becaause he knows he'll win. When he does participate, he wins by a long shot
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How does Athena help Odysseus when he wins the contest?
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She was diguised as a Phaiakian and called out praise to Odysseus, leading the crowd to be on his side
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"I bar nothing with any man except Laodamas, for he's host. Who quarrels with his host?"
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Odysseus instills his respect with his hosts and the crowd during the contest
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When Demodocus continues to sing and Alkinoos notices Odysseus is weeping again, what happened?
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He asks who Odysseus is and where he came from
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"where shall a man find swetness to surpass his own home and his parents? In far lands he shall not, though he find a house of gold."
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Odysseus says to Alkinoos when explaining who he is
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What do Zues' daughters give Odysseus and his crew when they land on the island of Kyklopes?
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wild goats to eat
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What do Odysseus' men eat that causes them to lose desire to return home?
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Lotus, Only by dragging his men back to the ship and locking them up can Odysseus get them off the island.
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Kyklops,
you ask my honorable name? Remember the gift you promised me, and I shall tell you. my name is Nohbdy: mother father and friends, everyone calls me Nohbdy." |
Odysseus waited until the cyclops was drunk and he was able to drive a stake into his eye, but not before the cyclops had eaten
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"Kyklops, if ever mortal man inquire how you were put to shame and blinded, tell him Odyssesus, raider of cicties, took your eye: Laertes' son, whose home is Ithika!"
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Safe on board their ships and with Polyphemus’s flock on board as well, Odysseus calls to land and reveals his true identity. With his former prisoners now out of reach, the blind giant lifts up a prayer to his father, Poseidon, calling for vengeance on Odysseus.
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Where do the Achaeans and Odysseus sail next after they leave the island of the Kyklops?
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Aiolia Island, domain of Aiolis Hippotades, the wind king
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How long did Odysseus and his crew stay in Aiolia?
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1 month
"here we put in, lodged in town and palace, while Aiolos played host to me. He kept me one full month to hear the tale of Troy." |
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What did Aiolos give to Odysseus when he returned to sail?
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a bag of storm wind
"adding a bull's hide sewn from neck to tail into a mighty bag, bottling storm winds" every wind but west wind, he uses for sailing |
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How long did Odysseus sail after leaving Aiolia?
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9 days
"i had worked the sheet nine days alone, and given it to no one, wishing to spill no wind on the homeward run." |
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What happened to the bag of wind?
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Odysseus' crew because curious and greedy, assuming the bag was treasure. When Odysseus falls asleep they open it and every wind roared into a hurricane, and their land was lost, sending them all the way back to Aiolia
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What does Aiolos tell Odysseus when he returns?
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Tells him to leave and that his voyage was cursed by heaven
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What do Odysseus and his men find in the bay?
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Cannibals (Laistrygones) ate most of Odysseus' men: 12 ships in, 1 left (the curse is working)
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Where did Odysseus and the rest of his men go after they encountered the cannibals?
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Aiaia, the island of Kirke
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Who was the only one who didn't drink the vile Kirke prepared?
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Eurylokhos
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What did Hermes give Odysseus before he went to see Kirke?
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the plant (molu) that would make him immune to her magic. he does tell her not to decline her but to be her "friend" so he can get her to break her spell
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"I mount no bed of love with you upon it. Or swear me first a great oath, if I do, you'll work no more enchantment to my harm."
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Odysseus makes Kirke swear she won't harm and trick him if he goes to bed with her
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"Captain, shake off this trance, and think of home-/ if home indeed awaits us,"
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Odysseus' men convince him to leave after remaining on Kirke's island for 1 year
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What does Kirke tell Odysseus to sacrifice and what for?
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milk and honey for the land of the dead (queen Persephone) and to sacrifice a heifer and a black lamb, a ewe and a lamb
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Where does Kirke tell Odysseus he needs to go before returning to Ithika?
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tells him he must sail to Hades, the realm of the dead, to speak with the spirit of Tiresias, a blind prophet who will tell him how to get home.
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How does Elpenor die?
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He was drunk and fell off of Kirke's roof.
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Who does Odyssesus see first in hades?
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Elpenor, who begs Odysseus to return to Circe’s island and give his body a proper burial.
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Who does Odyssesus see second in hades?
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Tiresias, says Poseidon is punishing the Achaeans for blinding his son Polyphemus. He foretells Odysseus’s fate—that he will return home, reclaim his wife and palace from the wretched suitors, and then make another trip to a distant land to appease Poseidon.
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What does Tiresias warn Odysseus not to do?
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not to touch the flocks of the Sun (Helios' cows) when he reaches the land of Thrinacia; otherwise, he won’t return home without suffering much more hardship and losing all of his crew
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Who was the only one who didn't drink the vile Kirke prepared?
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Eurylokhos
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What did Hermes give Odysseus before he went to see Kirke?
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the plant (molu) that would make him immune to her magic. he does tell her not to decline her but to be her "friend" so he can get her to break her spell
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"I mount no bed of love with you upon it. Or swear me first a great oath, if I do, you'll work no more enchantment to my harm."
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Odysseus makes Kirke swear she won't harm and trick him if he goes to bed with her
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"Captain, shake off this trance, and think of home-/ if home indeed awaits us,"
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Odysseus' men convince him to leave after remaining on Kirke's island for 1 year
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What does Kirke tell Odysseus to sacrifice and what for?
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milk and honey for the land of the dead (queen Persephone) and to sacrifice a heifer and a black lamb, a ewe and a lamb
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Where does Kirke tell Odysseus he needs to go before returning to Ithika?
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tells him he must sail to Hades, the realm of the dead, to speak with the spirit of Tiresias, a blind prophet who will tell him how to get home.
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How does Elpenor die?
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He was drunk and fell off of Kirke's roof.
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Who does Odyssesus see first in hades?
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Elpenor, who begs Odysseus to return to Circe’s island and give his body a proper burial.
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Who does Odyssesus see second in hades?
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Tiresias, says Poseidon is punishing the Achaeans for blinding his son Polyphemus. He foretells Odysseus’s fate—that he will return home, reclaim his wife and palace from the wretched suitors, and then make another trip to a distant land to appease Poseidon.
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What does Tiresias warn Odysseus not to do?
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not to touch the flocks of the Sun when he reaches the land of Thrinacia; otherwise, he won’t return home without suffering much more hardship and losing all of his crew
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Where is Odyssesus advised to make his apology to Poseidon?
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far inland where Poseidon is not worshiped, to extend his worship as apology
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What does Odysseus learn from his mother in Hades?
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Penelope is still with Telemakhos but his father is in the country grieving and won't come back, and she died recently
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What does the king want to hear Odysseus talk about when he talks of Hades?
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tales of warriors, Odysseus spends time talking mostly about the women
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What story does Odysseus tell the king, about the spirit he saw in Hades?
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the story of Agememnon, who was killed by his disloyal wife and her lover Aegisthos when he returned from war
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"Let it be a warning even to you. Indulge a woman never, and never tell her all you know. Something a man may tell, sme he should cover up."
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Agememnon advises that Odysseus return home in secrecy so his wife couldn't deceive him
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why does Odysseus return to Aiaia?
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To bury Elpenor, he spends one last night with Kirke who tells him what he will encounter on his travels home
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How does Odysseus resist the sirens?
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He has his men bind him to the sails
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