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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Hunting & Gathering |
Early stage of human history, always on edge of starvation & very low carrying capacity |
Woman and kids gathered & Men hunted |
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Agricultural Revolution |
Created food surplus, was evolutionary rather than revolutionary, carrying capacity increased, people could stay in one area |
Seed drill, farming |
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Industrial Revolution |
In 1700s needed to find new energy sources, machines multiplied one person's efforts, skills & intelligence became more important than brawn , food production increased with few workers |
Steel plough, brains over brawn |
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Birth rate |
number of births for every thousand people number of births divide population times 1000 |
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Death rate |
How many people died number of people divide population times 1000 |
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Dependency load |
The percentage of population who are older than 65 and younger than 15-- they are called "dependency load" because they need to be supported by the working, independent population |
Younger than 15 and older than 65 |
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Emigration Rate |
People who permanently leave the country. Calculated like birth rate number of emigrants divide population times 1000 |
Move away |
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Immigration rate |
number of people who move permanently to a country to live. Calculated like birth rate. number of immigrants divide population times 1000 |
Coming to live |
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Infant Mortality Rate |
number of babies who die in 1st year. Used as a measure of economic & social development. Over 80 considered high and less than 15 considered low |
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Life Expectancy |
Lifespan of a baby. How long a baby lives |
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Natural Increase Rate |
Difference between birth rate and death rate. Subtract BR and DR. Less developed country may have over 2 percent; more developed less than 1percent |
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Population Growth Rate |
Rate at which a country's population changes. Combines natural increase and net migration. Shown as a percentage. |
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Net Migration Rate |
Difference between immigration and emigration. Subtract immigration by emigration. +postive number = countries like Canada, United States & Australia; - negative number = most other countries |
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Total Fertility Rate |
Average number of kids a woman has in fertile years (assumed 15-45 years old). High fertility rate is higher than 5, low Fertility is below 2.1 |
"How many kids do you want?" |
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Replacement rate |
Number of kids it would take to replace the parents (2). Fertility rate that would give a natural increase of 0. Ignores migration. |
Need to have 2 kids to replace you |
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Rule of 70 |
How long it would take to double a country's population. 70 divide population growth rate (in percent form) equal how many years |
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Demographic Transition |
The phenomenon of population changes in a country over time |
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Pre-Transition |
Population pyramid has a wide base that rapidly narrows. Reflects a very high birth rate and high death rate (infant mortality). Example: In Sweden 1750, life expectancy was less than 35 years, food supplies were erratic, and diseases were present. Even though family's had more than 10 plus kids this only stabilized population. |
1st stage of demographic transition |
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Early Transition |
No country in the world is in pre-transition. Death rate decreases dramatically nicknamed "death control". Birth rate is still high so sustained natural increase began. Caused a population explosion. Early transition happened much later in developed countries such as Mexico than developed countries like Sweden. Also death rate declined much faster in less developed countries b/c technology & understanding had already been invented by developed countries. |
2nd stage of demographic transition |
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Late Transition |
Characterized as "birth control" people started to use birth control. B/c couples desired to limit the size of their family. -high survival=less needed -growing number of people who lived in the city -changing family dynamic i.e women worked Because instead of just 2 or 3 children living out of 10 kids born, 7 or 8 lived. Caused problems such as never enough land to support all the ppl who wanted to farm. Some looked for more land, some moved to cities (Industrial Revolution). |
3rd stage of demographic transition |
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Post-Transition |
Birth rate decline to point it's approx the same as the death rate. If BR equal DR natural increase will be 0 and population will stabilize. Life is highly urbanized, families have small families (below even replacement rate), high dependency load (mostly old people). |
4th stage of demographic transition |
