World History Vocab Ch. 4 Ancient Greece Key Terms

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Epic Poem

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ia a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero

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Crete

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southeast of the Greek mainland, called the Minoan civilization between 2000 and 1450 B.C.

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Minoans

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went to Egypt as well as southern Greece in search of goods

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Mycenaeans

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the destruction was the result of invasion by mainland Greeks known as these

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Homer

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the most famous of all their suppossed military adventure has come down to us in the poetry of him, Mycenaean Greeks led by Agamemnon

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Polis

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city-state called by Greeks- became the central focus of Greeks life.

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Acropolis

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the top of the hill was a fortified area

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Agora

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an open area that served as a place where people could assemble and as a market

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Hoplite

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who were heavily armed infantry soldiers, or foot soldiers

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Phalanx

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Hoplites went into battle as a unit marching soulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation

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Democracy

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is govenment by people or rule of the many

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Oligarchy

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rule by few

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Helot

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spartans captured people, a name derived form a Greek word for "capture"

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Ephor

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were elected each year and were responsible for education of youth and conduct of all citizens

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Aristotle

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Greek philosopher, argued that a citizen didnt belong just to himself or herself

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Solon

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a reformminded aristocrat, canceled all land debtsand freed people who had fallen into slavery for debts.

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Cleisthenes

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2 years later, with the backing of Athenian people another reformer, gained the upper hand

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Age of Pericles

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this period of Athenian and Greek history, which historians have, saw the height of Athenian power and brillance

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Direct Democracy

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the people participate directly in govern't decision making through mass meetings

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Ostracism

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to protect themselves(Athenians)against overly ambitious politicians

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Darius

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persian ruler, who seek revenge on Athenian Navy

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Xerxes

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became the new Persian monarch

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Pericles

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who was a dominant figure in Athenian politics between 461 to 429 B.C. Athens expanded its hew empire abroad

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Ritual

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are ceremonies or rites

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Oracle

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a sacred shrine where a god or goddess revealed the priestess

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Tragedy

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which were presented in a trilogy(a set of 3 plays) built around a common theme

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Philosophy

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refers on an organized system of thought it means in Greek "love of wisdom."

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Socratic Method

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of teaching uses a question-and-answer format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason

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Aeschylus

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composer of complete trilogy we possess today, called Oresteria, 3 plays related the fate of Agamemnon, Trojan War Hero

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Sophocles

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Athenian play wrighter, whose most famous play was Oedipus Rex.

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Pythagoras

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Familiar to geometry students for his Pythagorean theorem, taught that the essence of universe could be found in music and numbers

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Socrates

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the critics of Sophists, a stonemason, whose true love was philosophy

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Plato

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one of Socrates' students, considered by many the greatest philosopher of western civilization

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Stocism

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another school, it became the most popular philosophy of the Hellenistic world and later flourised in Roman Empire

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Epicureanism

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epicurus, the founder of philosophy came to be known as this, established a school in Athens near the end of 4th century

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Phillip II

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came to the throne in 359 B.C. he built a powerful army and turned Macedonia into chief power of Greek

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Alexander the Great

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was only 20 when he became king of Macedonia, unified Greece mixed all the cultures

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Hellenistic Era

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Alexander created this new age, Hellenistic mean in Greek " to imitate Greeks"

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Eratosthenes

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a stronomer determined that earth was round ans calculated miles an estimated that was within 200 miles

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Archimedes

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famous scientist of Hellenistic period of Syracuse

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Euclid

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mathematician wrote the Elements a textbook on a plane geometry

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Thucydides

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the greatest historian of the ancient world, was an Athenian general in battle led the Athenian assembly to send him into exile