World History Veritas Ch. 13 Exploration

Front 1

compass

Back 1

A magnetized device that greatly aided sailors during the age of exploration

Front 2

latitude

Back 2

Distance from the equator

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caravel

Back 3

A ship with large square sails to provide power and smalle triangular sails to provide maneuverability

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Line of Demarcation

Back 4

Line of separation in the Atlantic Ocean that decided the areas that could be colonized by Spain and Portugal

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circumnavigation

Back 5

Sailing around the world

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conquistadors

Back 6

"Conquerors" sent from Spain to the New World to search for riches, to evangelize the Indians, and to establish Spanish authority

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viceroy

Back 7

An "assistant king" appointed by the Spanish king to oversee affairs in the New World

Front 8

Commercial Revolution

Back 8

The economic changes in European business practice and thinking during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

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mercantilism

Back 9

Economic system that held that the wealth of colonies should benefit the mother country

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capitalism

Back 10

Economic system designed to advance wealth

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capital

Back 11

Supply of money

Front 12

Marco Polo

Back 12

Merchant who went to China and through his stories stirred the popular imagination with tales of strange customs and unbelievable riches in the Far East.

Front 13

Prince Henry

Back 13

"The Navigator" was largely responsible for Portugal's early success in exploration. Sometimes called "the greatest figure in the history of exploration" even though he never went on an expedition. His principle goal was the circumnavigation of Africa.

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Bartolomeu Dias

Back 14

Sent by the king of Portugal down the coast of Africa and was the first person to round the tip of Africa which he named "The Cape of Storms" and the king later renamed "The Cape of Good Hope"

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Vasco da Gama

Back 15

Sent by the king of Portugal to find a trade route by sea to the Far East. He rounded the coast of Africa and eventually landed in India where in spite of the opposition from the Muslims was able to trade for spices. This gave Portugal a lucrative spice trade with India.

Front 16

Christopher Columbus

Back 16

Was sent by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to try and find a trade route to the Far East by sailing west. He inadvertently landed in the Bahamas but mistook it for the East Indies.

Front 17

Magellan

Back 17

From Portugal but sailed for Spain; his expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe even though he was killed in the philippines without making it all the way back home. This has been called "the greatest single human achievement on the sea."

Front 18

Mayas

Back 18

Highly advanced Indian civilization that flourished in the Yucatan Peninsula from the fourth through the tenth centuries.

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Aztecs

Back 19

Central American civilization that flourished after the Mayan civilization; founded the city of Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico City) and was later conquered by the Spanish

Front 20

Incas

Back 20

South American (present day Peru) empire from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries; conquered by Pizarro for their gold and silver

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Balboa

Back 21

Spanish explorer who was the first to see the Pacific Ocean which he named the "South Sea"

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Cortes

Back 22

"Called the greatest of the Conquistadors", in his search for gold, he defeated the Aztecs and destroyed their city. On its ruins he begin to build what is now Mexico City.

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Montezuma

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Aztec king who thought Cortes was one of their chief gods, and met them with gifts of gold and jewels. He was later stoned b his own people as a traitor.

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Pizarro

Back 24

Probably the cruelest of the conquistadors, with only a handful of men he conquered the Inca empire for their gold and silver.

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Hernando de Soto

Back 25

Spanish explorer who discovered the Mississippi River and explored the southeastern United States.

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Coronado

Back 26

He set out from Mexico in 1540 to find the "Seven Cities of Cibola" which were reportedly rich with gold. He lead his expedition into what is now New Mexico, Arizona, Kansas and Texas. because he and de Soto found no gold, Spain decided to concentrate on South America instead of North America.

Front 27

Jacques Cartier

Back 27

The first great French explorer to the New World who made three voyages to what is now eastern Canada.

Front 28

Samuel de Champlain

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Called the "Father of New France" explored and colonized the areas around the Saint Lawrence River and founded Quebec. the Indians led him to two pf the Great Lakes - Ontario and Juron and to what is now called Lake Champlain.

Front 29

Jacques Marquette

Back 29

A French explorer and Jesuit missionary who explored the Mississippi River downstream to a point in southern Arkansas before turning back.

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Louis Joliet

Back 30

A French explorer who, along with Marquette, explored the Mississippi River downstream to a point in souterh Arkansas before turning back

Front 31

Henry Hudson

Back 31

An Englishman who was the most famous explorer for the Netherlands. He explored the northeastern coast of America and gave the Dutch a claim to the region. In 1621 the Dutch founded the city of New Amsterdam, which is today New York City.

Front 32

John Cabot

Back 32

An Italian sailor who was hired to lead the first English expedition to North America. He was the first European ater the Vikings to set foot on the North American mainland. He paved the way for the founding of English colonies on the North American continent a century later.

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Jamestown

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First permanent English settlement in the New World; located in Virginia

Front 34

John Smith

Back 34

The leader of Jamestown, the English settlement in the New World

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horses and firearms

Back 35

These were the Spanish conquistadors main advantage over the natives of the New World

Front 36

major reason for the decline of Portugal as a great power

Back 36

The inability to adequately defend and administer so vast an empire

Front 37

primary reason the Dutch established a colony at Cape Town

Back 37

supplying ships