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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Spanish Armada started with 130 ships and 20,000 soldiers and sailors, how many ships and soldiers did they return with? |
Half |
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In the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, the queen of France (Catherine de Medici) ordered the killing of whom? |
French Huguenots |
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What action of Cardinal Richelieu showed that he was more interested in strengthening the French monarchy than in supporting other Catholic monarchs? |
Entering the 30 years war on the side of the Protestants |
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Who is history’s best example of an absolute monarch? |
Louis XIV |
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Queen Elizabeth I had what kind relationship with Parliament when she called it into session ten times during her 45-year reign? |
A good relationship |
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How did Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector of England clamp down on social life in England? |
Closing theaters and limiting other forms of entertainment |
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What part of Europe did The Thirty Years’ War, the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War occur? |
Central Europe |
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When Charles became Holy Roman Emperor as Charles V what territories did he reign over? |
Italy, Austria, and various German states |
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What factors led King Philip to make the decision to invade England? |
Stop the seadogs and return England to the Catholic Church |
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Why did Charles V give up his thrones in 1556? |
He was frustrated by failures in Europe |
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What did Henry IV have to do to claim the throne of France? |
Convert to Catholicism |
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What was Louis XIV’s greatest ambition? |
Build up the military and expand french territory |
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What caused the War of the Spanish Succession? |
Louis XIV’s desire to have the Spanish Throne for his son |
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Who became known as the Sun King? |
Louis XIV |
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What caused the English Civil War? |
Charles I’s decision to arrest Puritan leaders in parliament for treason |
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Which writer described life in nature as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”? |
Thomas Hobbes |
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What was the ascension of William and Mary to the throne of England known as? |
The Glorious Revolution |
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Who was the first czar of Russia? |
Ivan IV |
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What was Peter I’s goal for Russia? |
Transform Russia into a modern statex |
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What reason did absolute monarchs argue that their power must not be challenged? |
They ruled by divine right |
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What major feat was accomplished in the Edict of Nantes? |
People were no longer forced to follow the Monarch’s religion |
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What was a major event that helped start the Thirty Years’ War? |
Throwing the Holy Roman Empire’s representatives out of a window |
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Who was the first astronomer to understand that the planets orbited the sun in an ellipse |
Kepler |
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Who believed that the purpose of government was to protect people’s natural rights |
John Locke |
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In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best form of government included a separation of what |
powers |
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Even though some European monarchs embraced Enlightenment ideals did they have any intention of giving up their own power |
No |
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Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense argued that the American colonies deserved to be what |
Independent |
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The American victory at the Battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the War for Independence because it convinced who to contribute to the American war effort |
France |
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Who was often called the father of modern chemistry, was the first chemist to define elements while also describing matter as a cluster of tiny particles |
Robert Boyle |
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What English writer’s ideas later inspired revolutionaries in Europe and the Americas and became a foundation for modern democracy |
John Locke |
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Who believed that all people in society were equal and should be recognized as such under the law |
Rousseau |
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In the 1770s, the colonists were much more attached to who in their identities: Britain or the colony in which they lived |
The colony in which they lived |
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The colonists resisted what two acts by boycotting English goods |
Stamp and Townshend (also known as the Intolerable Acts) |
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The Declaration of Independence drew ideas from what document from 1689, which protected citizens’ right to a trial, the right to elect members of Parliament, and the right to an independent judicial system |
English Bill of Rights |
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In a federal system of government, government powers are divided how |
Between state and national |
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Until the Scientific Revolution, who were the traditional authorities |
The Church and ancient scholars |
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Which astronomer in the scientific revolution taught theories that brought him into direct conflict with the Church |
Galileo |
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Who argued that people had a right to overthrow a government that does not protect their natural rights |
Locke |
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How did Hobbes and Rousseau differ |
Rousseau believed people were naturally good, Hobbes did not |
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Why did the American colonists objected to the Stamp Act |
They objected to taxes levied by the British parliament without representation |
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What led scientists to study the natural world more closely in the mid-1500s |
Exploration |
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Who published a book supporting the heliocentric theory right before his death |
Copernicus |
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What new approach allowed scholars to gain new scientific knowledge |
The scientific method |
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Why did the French and Indian War lead to increased taxes on Britain’s American colonies |
Because removing the French benefited the colonists, Britain decided to make the colonies pay part of the cost. |
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What slogan was used to express the outrage of colonial leaders in response to the Stamp Act |
No Taxation without Representation |
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Why did delegates meet at a Constitutional Convention in 1787 |
To Revise the Articles of Confederation |
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Why did the Legislative Assembly declare war against Austria? |
Fear of Austrian invasion after removing the King and Queen. |
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Why did King Louis XVI call a meeting of the Estates General to be held in spring 1789? |
to get approval for new taxes on the Third Estate |
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How did Europeans outside of France react to the execution of Louis XVI? |
With horror |
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Which legislative body ended the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic? |
National Assembly |
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Why did many peasants come to oppose the Revolution? |
they opposed the Revolution’s anticlerical moves and the draft |
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Why did the French people welcome Napoleon? |
he promised order after the chaos of the Revolution. |
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Why did Napoleon sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States? |
The successful revolt of Saint Domingue led Napoleon to abandon his dream of an empire in the Americas. |
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What caused Napoleon to pull his troops from Spain? |
the guerrilla war raged by Spanish people |
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Why did Portugal refuse to comply with the Continental System? |
it depended on its trade with Great Britain |
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What leader most helped to defuse the liberal ideals of the French Revolution? |
Robespierre |
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What is the legacy of the French Revolution? |
it has inspired people to fight for their rights in other parts of the world |
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What caused the French Revolution? |
the influence of Enlightenment ideas |
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What were the effects of the Reign of Terror? |
Lost a lot of support for the revolution, kept people in line through fear, massive death tolls. |
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What was the purpose of the Continental System? |
Restrict trade with Great Britain |
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What European campaign was a disaster for Napoleon |
The Russian Campaign |
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What were the effects of the Congress of Vienna? |
Strengthened Nations surrounding France |
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To whom did the rights outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen extend? |
The common man/peasantry |
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From first to last, what sequence did these legislative bodies govern France after the start of the Revolution: National Convention, Directory, National Assembly, Legislative Assembly |
National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Convention, Directory |
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Throughout the Napoleonic wars, who was France’s Greatest Enemy |
Great Britain |
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The workers of the Third Estate were known as what, meaning “without knee breeches” |
Sans Culottes |
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What was used for most executions during the Reign of Terror |
The Guillotine |
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The First Estate was made up of what group |
The Clergy |
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What radical club adopted policies supported by the lower middle class and the poor |
The Jacobin Club |
