World History Unit 5

Front 1

Citizen/citizenship

Back 1

Legal membership of a country or city-state

Front 2

Acropolis

Back 2

The upper part of an ancient Greek city, where public buildings and the city’s defences were located

Front 3

Polis

Back 3

Greek city-state

Front 4

Aristocracy

Back 4

Hereditary class of rulers

Front 5

Tyranny

Back 5

Unjust use of power, or in ancient Greece a government run by a strong ruler

Front 6

Oligarchy

Back 6

Government in which a small group of people rule

Front 7

Direct democracy

Back 7

Government in which citizens take part directly in the day-to-day affairs of government

Front 8

Representative democracy

Back 8

Democracy in which people elect representatives to make the nation’s laws

Front 9

Ephor

Back 9

Man responsible for the day-to-day operation of the government in Sparta

Front 10

Metic

Back 10

Foreigner in a Greek city-state, often a merchant or artisan

Front 11

Helot

Back 11

Messenian person forced to work as a lowly farmer by Sparta

Front 12

Phalanx

Back 12

Greek military formation of heavily armed foot soldiers who moved together as a unit

Front 13

Trireme

Back 13

An ancient Greek or Roman war ship with three banks of oars

Front 14

Battle of Marathon

Back 14

The unexpected Greek victory which signified the end of the First Persian War

Front 15

Battle of Thermopylae

Back 15

The battle in which a Spartan traitor gave the Persians a way through the mountains to defeat Sparta

Front 16

Battle of Salamis

Back 16

The battle in which the Athenians set a trap to destroy the Persian navy

Front 17

Delian League

Back 17

The alliance formed by Athens to protect against the Persians

Front 18

Peloponnesian League

Back 18

The alliance formed by Sparta in fear of the Athenian democracy

Front 19

Hellenistic World

Back 19

The Greek culture that emerged from Alexander’s conquests

Front 20

Rationalism

Back 20

a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.

Front 21

Describe the geography and climate of Greece. Explain how the geography and climate shaped the culture of Ancient Greece.

Back 21

Greece was a rugged land surrounded by the sea with a Mediterranean climate. The landscape encouraged the formation of independent city-states instead of one large empire or nation. There was limited farmland, so many city-states had to trade by sea for what they needed.

Front 22

Athens - Political System

Back 22

Direct democracy. All native-born free men were part of the Assembly, who voted on laws and appointed officers

Front 23

Sparta - Political System

Back 23

Oligarchy. Two kings and a council of elders had most of the power in the government

Front 24

United States of America - Political System

Back 24

Representative democracy.

3 branches: Legislative, Executive, Judicial

Front 25

Greek Citizens

Back 25

1) Aristocrats- wealthy, powerful landowning families

2) Small landowning farmers

3) Tenant farmers- farmers who rent land

Front 26

Greek Non-citizens

Back 26

1) Women- don’t have citizenship despite family status

2) Metics- foreign-born people with no voting rights, but were often merchants or artisans

3) Slaves

Front 27

How did the Greeks used geography to their advantage against the Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae?

Back 27

The Greeks used a narrow pass between the mountains and the sea as a bottleneck to defend Greece. The Spartan army met the Persian army at this bottleneck and held off this invasion for several days.

Front 28

Why was the period after the Persian Wars called Athens’ “Golden Age?” What ended the Golden Age?

Back 28

This period was called the Golden Age because it was a high point for the arts, science, and many other fields. With the end of the Persian War, it was also an economically prosperous time.

Front 29

Positives -- Peloponnesian War

Back 29

1) Athenian aggression and dominance was stopped.

2) Sparta and their allies could continue their lives as they wished.

Front 30

Negatives -- Peloponnesian War

Back 30

1) Catastrophic for the Delian League

2) The Plague of Athens killed thousands

3) Inter-city warfare continued even after the war ended

Front 31

How did Greek culture spread into far-away lands such as India?

Back 31

Via the conquest of Alexander the Great, who built an empire as far as the Indus Valley

Front 32

Was Alexander great? Yes.

Back 32

1) Built a vast empire

2) May have ended conflict within the empire

3) Greek culture spread through the empire and blended with the other cultures

Front 33

Was Alexander great? No.

Back 33

1) More focused on conquest than fair rule

2) Brutal methods

3) Empire was very short-lived

Front 34

How did the Greeks used geography to their advantage against the Persians in the sea Battle of Salamis?

Back 34

The Athenian navy ambushed the Persian navy. The Greeks used their maneuverable ships to defeat the Persians by leading them into a narrow pass.