World History Prentice Hall Ch. 2

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fertile crescent

Back 1

region in middle east in which civilization first arose

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mesopotamia

Back 2

region with the fertile crescent that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

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Sumer

Back 3

site of the world's first civilization, located in southeastern Mesopotamia (Sumerians created the first number system it was based on 6)

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The Epic of Gilgamesh

Back 4

Mesopotamian narrative poem that was first told in Sumer

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Hierarchy

Back 5

system of ranking groups

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Ziggurat

Back 6

in ancient Mesopotamia, a large, stepped platform thought to have been topped by a temple dedicated to making a city's chief god or goddess happy

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Cuneiform

Back 7

in the ancient Middle East, a system of writing that used wedge-shaped marks

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Sargon

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ruler of Akkad, built the world's first empire

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Hammurabi

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King of Babylon, created a written legal code that was the first time a state's laws were written down

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Codify

Back 10

to arrange or set down in writing

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Civil Law

Back 11

branch of law that deals with private rights and matters

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Criminal Law

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branch of law that deals with offenses against others

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Nebuchadnezzar

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re-established the kingdom of Babylon after Assyrian armies had taken control of the area (propably built the Hanging Gardens)

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Darius

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Persian ruler who created an economy based on money

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Barter Economy

Back 15

economic system in which one set of goods or services is exchanged for another

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money economy

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economic system in which goods or services are paid for through the exchange of a token of an agreed value (Darius created this type of economic system)

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Zoroaster

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Persian thinker, taught that there was a single god (ongoing battle between good and evil)

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colony

Back 18

territory settled and ruled by people from another land

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alphabet

Back 19

writing system in which each symbol represents a single basic sound

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Cataract

Back 20

waterfall

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Delta

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triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river

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Dynasty

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ruling family

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Pharaoh

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Egyptain King

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Bureaucracy

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different job functions and levels of authority within government

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Vizier

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chief minister who supervised the business of government in ancient Egypt

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Great Pyramids

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pyramids built during the Old Kingdom that contained tombs for the bodies of dead rulers

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Horse Drawn War Chariots

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new was technology used when the Hyksos invaded Egypt

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Hatshepsut

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female monarch of the New Kingdom who exercised all the rights of a pharaoh (developed trade with Mediterranean lands and the Red Sea Coast

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Thutmose III

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Egyptian pharaoh, stepson of Hatshepsut; stretched Egypt's borders to their greatest extent

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Ramses II

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most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom's in Egypt

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Amon-Re

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the sun god; chief god of Egypt

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Osiris

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the god who ruled Egypt until he was killed by his brother,
Set; became the god of the dead and judge of admissions into the afterlife; god of the Nile

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Isis

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goddess and wife of Osiris; believed to have taught women to grind corn, spin flax, weave cloth, and care for children

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Akhenaton

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a young pharaoh who tried to remove all others gods in favor of Aton; tried to start a new religion based on one god

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Mummification

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practice of preserving the bodies of the dead

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Hieroglyphics

Back 36

form of picture writing developed by the ancient Egyptians, used symbols to represent objects

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Papyrus

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plant that grows along the banks of the Nile; used by the ancient Egyptians to make a paper-like material

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Decipher

Back 38

decode

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Rosetta Stone

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a flat, black stone that had the same message carved in three different forms of script - hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek

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Monotheistic

Back 40

belief in only one God, Israelites believed in only one God

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Torah

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most sacred text of the Hebrew Bible, the 'Old Testament'

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Abraham

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father of the Israelite people, he had a covenant with God

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Covenant

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a binding agreement (binding agreement between God and Abraham)

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Moses

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lead Israelites out of Egypt to search for promised land (Exodus)

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David

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2nd king of Israel, unites tribes into 1 kingdom

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Solomon

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son of David, wise ruler who developed Jerusalem and built the 1st temple 'Jewish temple in Jerusalem'

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Patriarchal

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family ties are traced through the father

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Sabbath

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a holy day of rest and worship

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Prophet

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spiritual leader who interprets God's will

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Ethics

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moral standards of behavior

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Diaspora

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the spreading of the Jews beyond their historic homeland, they left and scattered across the world