World History Minoans And Phoenicians - Seafaring Traders - Chapter 3

Front 1

What contributions did the Seafaring TRADERS MAKE TO SOCIETY?

Back 1

-READING AND WRITING
- A FORM OF THE ALPHABET WE USE TODAY

Front 2

MINOANS

Back 2

-POWERFUL SEAFARING TRADERS THAT LIVED IN AN ISLAND OF CRETE IN THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF THE AEGEAN SEA, CLOSE TO THE E. MEDITERRANEAN
-3000 to 1100 BC
- KNOWN AS THE CIVILIZATION OF "BRONZE AGE CRETE"

Front 3

AEGEAN SEA

Back 3

SEA THAT DIVIDES ANATOLIA AND GREECE -

- CRETE IS IN THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF IT

Front 4

KNOSSOS

Back 4

MINOAN CAPITAL CITY

Front 5

KING MINOS

Back 5

- king who owned a monster that was 1/2 bull and 1/2 person
- the city of Minoa was named after him

Front 6

PHOENICIANS

Back 6

- Came after the Minoans/Crete's decline
- powerful traders in Med.
- today known as Lebanon
- organized as not 1 country; various city-states
-good seafarers/shipbuilders
- 1st people to go through the Straight of Gibraltar

Front 7

WHAT IDEAS DID THE TRADERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BRING TO THE MEDITERREAN AREA?

Back 7

- WRITING WAYS
- WORSHIPING OF GODS
- GOVERNING

Front 8

WHAT WAS KNOWN AS THE STEPPING STONE IN THE MEDITTERANEAN WORLD?

Back 8

CRETE - B/C OF LOTS OF TRADE FROM THERE -
- CULTURE TRADE
-ART TRADE
- ARCHITECTURE TRADE

Front 9

HOW DID THE MINOAN CULTURE END?

Back 9

1ST SEVERAL EARTHQUAKES, THEN A HUGE VOLCANO HIT NEARBY THERA AND CREATED A HUGE TIDAL WAVE AND LOTS OF VOLCANIC ASHES THAT LANDED ON THE ISLAND.
- THEY NEVER FULLY RECOVERED
-AND GOT INVADED

Front 10

what were the most imp. city states in Phoenician Society?

Back 10

- Sidon
- Tyre
-Byblos

** These were big trading centers**

Front 11

what colony did Phoenician settlers from Tyre found?

- where?

Back 11

- found Carthadge
- became their biggest colony
- In NOrth Africa

Front 12

Why did the Phoenicians develop a writing sys?

How was their writing system?

Back 12

- b/c they needed a way to record transactions when they traded
- writing symbols represented sounds

Front 13

What did traders do to cross the Arabian Sea?

Back 13

they used monsoon winds to help them sail

Front 14

which of the achievements was the most imp and why?

Back 14

- the writing system that helped them write and record all their transactions. Had a phoenetic alphabet. Their language transported to Greek which eventually lead to English.

Front 15

what did the excavations at Knosos reveal about Minoan culture?

Back 15

- they must have been peaceful people - b/c there were no fortification
- they were an advanced and thriving culture - told by the paintings that showed how they lived - lots of people doing sports - they loved sports.

Front 16

where did the Phoenicians settle and trade?

Back 16

settled in present day Lebanon and traded out of the city states of Byblos, Tyren and Sydon.

- They traded with all the nighboring countries in the Mediterranean Sea.

Front 17

Who influenced the Phoenicians?

Back 17

the Simarian and Akadian cultures

Front 18

When were the Phoenicians independent from Egypt?

Back 18

1200 BC

Front 19

What did the Phoenicians invent?

Back 19

Purple dye - produced in Sidon and Tyre

glass

Front 20

What was Minoan culture characterized by?

What did the city look like?

Back 20

-dominance of large PALACES that acted as adminsitrative, agriculturals and religious centers

Front 21

what language did the Minoans use?

Back 21

unknown

Front 22

what was the largest Minoan palace?

Back 22

Palace of Minos
- close to N coast of Crete
- in the fertile valley

Front 23

Did the Phoenicians consider themselves a single state?

Back 23

yes - but they were a combination of city states

Front 24

When and where did the Phoenicians found their first settlements?

Back 24

2500 BC in Mediterranean Coast

Front 25

Explain the process by which the Phoenicians became dominated by different civilizations?

Back 25

-

Front 26

Provide the time and date of the dominant civilizations?

Back 26

- Egyptians - 1800BC
- Hittites - 1400BC
- Independent from Egypt - 1200BC
-Assyrian - 800BC
-Chaldean - 538BC
-Persian -
-

Front 27

What was Phoenician religion like?

Back 27

-their pantheistic religion
- each city had special deity known as Baal (LORD)
- the temples were always the center of civil life

Front 28

what were the phoenicians called in the old Testament?

Back 28

the Sidonians

Front 29

why did the Phoenicians became notable traders and rulers?

Back 29

b/c they were excellent shipbuilders and adventourous sailors - known all over the world for their skills
- traveled everywhere (Africa, Europe, Asia)
- other areas wanted to hire their sailors

Front 30

how did they consolidate a powerful trading network?

Back 30

-they established colonies through the Med. coast

Front 31

Name the Empire that finally conquered the Phoenician civilization

Back 31

The Persians

Front 32

4 imp Phoenicians contributions:

Back 32

1)alphabet
2)purple dye
3)glass
4)shibuilding

Front 33

did the Phoenicians have a centralized religion?

Back 33

No - they had a pantheistic religion, where each city had their own baal

Front 34

Who did the Minoan people trade with?

Back 34

Near East and Egypt, Aigina (where pottery was found)

Front 35

Why do you think the Minoans devoted to trade and not to farming? Did the geographic setting play an important role in their way of living?

Back 35

- perfect location for trading - in the Mediterranean Sea
- they were very artistic and could sell all the pottery, paintings and art they made.

Front 36

Explain the extraordinary location of the palace of Minos at Knossos.

Back 36

in the fertile valley near the coats where there was supply for fresh water, wood and stone

Front 37

Describe the kind of rooms that were part of this ancient palace.

Back 37

many rooms: store rooms, worskshop rooms, shrines, archives, sleeping rooms

Front 38

DESCRIBE THE MINOANS - HOW WHERE THEY?

Back 38

- -Traded pottery
- very artistic-palaces
-lots of pottery
-peaceful people
-played many sports
-loved nature
-women were imp.
-human sacrifices

Front 39

WHAT COUNTRY WAS INFLUENCED HEAVILY BY THE MINOAN CULTURE?

( A COUNTRY NEAR BY)

Back 39

GREECE

Front 40

WHAT DID THE PHOENICIAN PEOPLE TRADE?

Back 40

- their great crafts on wood,metal, glsas
- their purple dye
- cedar

Front 41

If the Phoenicians had an Alphabet, why do we know very little from them today?

Back 41

b/c most of their papyrus that they wrote in got destroyed.

Front 42

what do the researchers in Lebanon want to uncover?

Back 42

-wether the current people there were decendants of Phoenicians
- whether the current Christians or current Muslims came from the Phoenicians?
- whether the Sea Peoples had anything to do with the Phoenicians? Where they their ancestors?

Front 43

What did the researchers uncover?

Back 43

-that many of the current sailors in Leabanon have the same chromosone as the Phoenicians did.
-proves that YES phoenicians are their ancestors
- no difference b/n catholic and muslims (both came from Phoenicians as both had the DNA chromosone)
- didn't come from Sea Peoples

Front 44

Who do historians sometimes refer to as Canananites?

Back 44

the Phoenicians

Front 45

symbol of modern day Lebanon

Back 45

cedar - they have lots of cedar that they export

Front 46

how did the Phoenicians influence Greece and even lead to the Greek's Golden Ages?

Back 46

the Phoenicians were cultural middlemen - they spread their culture, their art, their architecture, their ideas

Front 47

WHAT DID THE PHOENICIANS IMPORT MAINLY FROM EGYPT?

Back 47

PAPYRUS -

GREEKS GAVE THE NAME BIBLE TO THEIR ANCIENT BOOK AS MUCH WAS IMPORTED FROM BYBLOS

Front 48

WHERE DID THE PURPLE DYE COME FROM?

Back 48

FROM THE MUREX MOLLUSK IN THE SEA

Front 49

WHAT DO RESEARCHERS STUDY TODAY TO LEARN ABOUT THE PHOENICIAN AND HOW THEY TRADED AND BECAME SO POPULAR?

Back 49

THEY STUDY THEIR SHIPS - HOW THEY WERE BUILT,

Front 50

WHAT ARE THE PUNIC WARS?

Back 50

-WARS B/N ROME AND CARTHADGE WHICH ENDED CARTHADGE
- ROME BURN CARTHADGE

- THE ROMANS CALLED THE PHOENICIANS - THE PUNICS