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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Scientific Method |
Method of coming to Scientific Claims and proving theories - Formalized by Francis Bacon and Descartes |
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Status Quo |
During every revolution, people would rebel and go against what was the "norm" |
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Observation |
Something that can be observed - not made up based on myth |
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Heliocentric vs. Geocentric |
Heliocentric - theory that sun is center of the galaxy - Copernicus Geocentric - theory that the Earth is the center of the galaxy |
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Hobbes - Social Contract |
Absolute Monarch - People are unable to function by themselves - People give up individual liberty in exchange for common security |
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Locke - Natural Rights |
Democracy - Life Liberty and Right to Own property- People are good, can govern themselves, and can learn from mistakes |
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Checks & Balances |
Limits the power of the government by allowing one group to "check" how fairly another group is using their power. They "balance" each other out. |
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Montesquieu |
Separation of Power |
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Voltaire |
Religious Tolerance |
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Rousseau |
Public Education |
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Beccaria |
Against Cruel and Unusual Punishment and Death Penalty |
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Wollstonecraft |
Fought for women's rights - esp. education |
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Galileo |
Great physicist- telescope- stood up for his beliefs and got sent to jail |
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Absolutism |
Unrestricted power in government |
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Causes of Revolution |
Widened gap between social classes Fight for rights politically Economic Struggle Ineffective Ruler Enlightenment Ideas as an example for those who want change
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Louis XVI |
Ruler during French Rev. Very indecisive Attempt to flee country, got caught and beheaded
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Estates General |
Meeting called with representatives from all three estates. Each estate has 1 vote (even though 3rd Estate has 97% of French pop.) |
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First, Second, and Third Estate |
First- Monarchy Second- Clergy & other gov officials Third- Merchant, Working Class, Poor Families |
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Tennis Court Oath |
Meeting held by third estate in Tennis Court after being locked out of an Estates General meeting. Decided they would not stop until they created a new document to improve their rights in the Nation |
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Storming of the Bastille |
Symbolic of taking down the old regime and rebellion. Bastille also held weapons needed to fight the Upper Class |
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Declaration of the Rights of Man |
Men are born and remain free and equal. Sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Ownership of private property, and Right to Security "These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression." |
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Political Spectrum (French Rev) (5 Perspectives) |
Radical , Liberal, Moderate, Conservative, Reactionary |
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Robespierre |
Lead the Bourgeoisie during French Rev - Enlightened ideas - became hungry for power and ended up being beheaded because of paranoia |
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Reign of Terror |
3rd Estate goes blood thirsty and kills a mass # of upper class (no trial) |
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Napoleon Bonaparte |
Takes over after French Rev - People let him lead country |
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Napleonic Code |
French Civil Code forbid privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified that government jobs go to the most qualified. |
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Three Costly Mistakes |
Continental System - Overpowered by British ships - never conquered England Peninsular War - When he marched through Iberian Peninsula - lost troops because he didn't own Portugal Invasion of Russia - once an ally, Nap. lead his troops deep into land to find the city they wanted scorched |
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Lycees |
Public school systems |
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Concordat |
Agreement between church and gov |
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Congress of Vienna |
The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and maintain the peace between the great powers. The second goal was to prevent political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, and maintain the status quo. |
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Nationalism |
To do things for the love of their country |
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Great Britain - Factors of Production |
Three FOP : Land, Labor, Resources (Great Britain had all three - led to Industrialization) |
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Causes of Industrialization |
Factors of Production and Less Expensive ways to do the same task in a more efficient manner |
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Agricultural Revolution |
Improvement in agricultural technology - increase in food surplus |
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Entrepeneur |
The owner or manager of a business enterprise who, by risk and initiative, attempts to make profits |
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Urbanization |
Increase in population in town rather than in rural areas - workers moved to manufacturing hubs - agricultural jobs became less common |
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Bourgeoisie |
The capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production. |
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Proletariat |
Working class, unskilled laborers |
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Political Spectrum (Ind. Rev) |
Communism, Socialism, Capitalism, Utilitarianism... |
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Communism - Karl Marx |
Founder of Communist movement - unavoidable of Revolution leading to classless society |
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Socialism |
Welfare of people - health and education to create a more level society |
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Utopia |
Perfect community |
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Utalitarianism |
Proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as maximizing total benefit and reducing suffering or the negatives. |
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Capitalism - Adam Smith |
Invisible Hand - profit - Earn more when you work harder - Smith assumed that individuals try to maximize their own good (and become wealthier), and by doing so, through trade and entrepreneurship, society as a whole is better off. Furthermore, any government intervention in the economy isn't needed because the invisible hand is the best guide for the economy.
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