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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the dates of the Industrial Revolution? |
First part: 1750-1850
Second part: 1850-1914 |
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What were some positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?
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1. created jobs
2. increased wealth of country 3. provided hope of improvement in people's lives 4. healthier diets - more variety 5. expanded educational opportunities 6. cheaper clothing 7. better working conditions |
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What were the dates of the Agricultural Revolution?
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1600/1700-1750
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What were some ideas/inventions during the Agricultural Revolution?
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1. enclosure
2. iron plows 3. crop rotation 4. breeding animals |
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What came out of the Agricultural Revolution?
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1. new methods seeding/harvesting
2. new crops 3. healthier diets 4. better health 5. new work force |
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What were the main reasons that the Industrial Revolution started in Britain?
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1. natural resources - coal, iron
2. bodies of water - harbors, rivers 3. good banking system - loans 4. political stability 5. entrepreneurs - take risks to start businesses 6. factors of production - land, labor, money 7. location - center of trading world 8. demand for goods |
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Describe the evolution of transportation
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1. Canals
2. Roads - turnpikes with rocks 3. Steam Engine - steam boat 4. Railroad System - drove industrial revolution after 1820 |
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Describe the evolution of the railroad
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-Steam engines on wheels
-1804, first locomotive to pull a load -1825, George Stephenson creates Rocket |
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Adam Smith
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-If people are selfish, it will benefit society
-Believed in free trade, laissez faire, and the 3 laws of economics |
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What were Adam Smith's Three Laws of Economics?
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1. law of self interest - society gain from being selfish
2. law of competition - keeps prices down and quality up 3. law of supply and demand |
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Thomas Malthus
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-Believed population would always grow faster than food production
-Natural disasters needed to balance out population -Dismal scientist |
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Jethro Tull
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Invented seed drill
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James Watts
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1760's - Invented steam engine
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Flying Shuttle
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1755 - made weaving on a loom faster, allowed weavers to double their output
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Spinning Jenny
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1768 - spinners could produce yarn in greater quantities
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Turnpikes
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Roads on which toll was charged
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Steam Engine
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Engine powered by steam, pumped water from mines three times as quickly as before
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Laissez-Faire
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Government not involved in economy at all
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Proletariat
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Working class
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Utopia
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Perfect society
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Capitalism
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Economy controlled by private owners rather than by government
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Corporations
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Business owned by stock holders who share in its profits but are not responsible for its debts
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Enclosure
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Enclosing large areas of land to farm
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Factory Act of 1833
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1. Illegal to hire children under the age of 9
2. Children ages 9-12 could work only 8 hours 3. Children ages 13-17 could work only 12 hours |
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Mines Act of 1842
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Women and children could not work in mines
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Ten Hour Act
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Children 13-17 limited to 10 hours a day
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Combination Act
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Outlawed unions, 20 years later this act was repealed allowing unions to form
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Labor Unions
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Organized associations of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests
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John Stuart Mills
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Advocate for ultilitarianism
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Karl Marx
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German philosopher/economist, created modern communism/scientific socialism/marxism
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Ricardo
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-Dismal scientist
-Iron Law of Wages: When population ⬇ wages go ⬆, when population ⬆ wages go ⬇ |
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Owens
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-Advocate for utopian society
-Believed factories should benefit society and allow people to work in cooperation |
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J Kay
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1755 - invented flying shuttle
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J Bentham
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Advocate for utilitarianism
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What is crop rotation?
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Planting different crops in soil during different years
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Scientific Socialism / Marxism / Communism
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Complete communism, government controls everything, classless society in which everyone shares everything equally
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What were the "Haves" and "Have Nots?"
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-Part of the Karl Marx concept that there were only two types of people
-Haves: Bourgeoisie -Have Nots: Peasants |
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"Wealth of Nations"
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Book written by Adam Smith
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Standard of Living
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-Level/quality of your life
-Extremely low in early factory cities |
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What type of government do we have today?
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Capitalism/Free Market/Free Enterprise
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Urbanization
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People moving from country to cities
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What were the average work days in a factory for an adult?
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12-16 hours a day, six days a week (half and hour for lunch and dinner)
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Iron Horse
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The train
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Horseless Carriage
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First used to describe train, then used to describe cars
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What was the Energy Revolution?
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Water - Steam - Coal - Electricity/Gas
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Karl Marx predicted that communism would arise. What were the things that Marx did not foresee which prevented communism?
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1. standard of living rose - gap between upper/lower class closed
2. abuses in industrial revolution started to disappear 3. labor unions - people got better rights 4. suffrage - passed laws to improve lives 5. nationalism 6. religion 7. ethnic loyalty 8. emigration |
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Communist Manifesto
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Three classes - lower class overthrows upper class
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Textile Industry
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Clothing/fabric industry, first industry to industrialize
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Utilitarianism
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Most useful to most amount of people
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What was the New Middle Class? What were the issues regarding this class?
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-Made of people who constructed factories, purchased machines, figured out where markets were
-Issues: Disliked by upper class, jealous/try to become upper class, separate from lower class, drove industrial revolution |
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What were some of the hardships of industrial life?
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1. child labor
2. poor working conditions 3. poor living conditions 4. no housing 5. inadequate waste removal 6. water pollution 7. air pollution |
