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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are junks?
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They were large Chinese ships. p220
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What is a queue?
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Single braid that characterized the hairstyle that all Chinese men were required to wear during the Qing dynasty. p222
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What is philology?
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History of language and literature. p223
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What was the White Lotus Rebellion?
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Peasant rebellion against the Qing dynasty led by the Buddhist cult known as the White Lotus Society. p224
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Who was Hsuan-yeh?
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A non-Chinese Qing emperor who adopted Chinese culture and ruled the country with traditional Chinese techniques but tried to keep the Manchu people separate from the far more numerous Chinese. p222
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Describe what remained stable and what changed during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
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Stable: class structure, attitudes toward foreign trade, political institutions, ideas & values. Changed: growth of cities, popular culture, scholarship, government ineffeciency & corruption.
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What changes did the growth of cities bring to China?
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increased trade, increased population, growth of popular culture and scholarship
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What attitudes might Chinese rulers have had toward foreigners during the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties?
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suspicion and distrust
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What does the phrase "free trade"?
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Practice based on the belief that government should not restrict or interfere with international trade. p226
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What is extraterritoriality?
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Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live or do business. p227
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What does the concept "unequal" treaties mean?
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Trade treaties that China signed under pressure of invasion, giving Western powers trade benefits. p227
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What was the Opium War?
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Conflict from 1839 to 1842 between China & Britain that arose due to Britain's export of opium to China. p227
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What was the Opium War?
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Conflict from 1839 to 1842 between China & Britain that arose due to Britain's export of opium to China. p227
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What was the Treaty of Nanjing?
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Treaty following the Opium War in which China gave Hong Kong to Britain & opened ports to British trade. p227
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What was the Treaty of Nanjing?
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Treaty following the Opium War in which China gave Hong Kong to Britain & opened ports to British trade. p227
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What was the Taiping Rebellion?
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Revolt in China from 1850 to 1864, led by Hong Xiuquan who, influenced by Christian teachings declared a mission to establish a new dynasty. p229
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What is the sequence of events that occurred between China & Britain between the 1600s & late 1800s?
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no contact, limited contact, conflict, Opium War, Treaty of Nanjing, trade with British in control
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In what two ways did the Portuguese influence the Chinese?
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opened up trade, introduced Christianity
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In what ways did unsuccessful rebellions succeed in weakening China?
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They caused destruction and death; they forced the government to spend money & time in quelling them; they distracted the government from attending to other matters.
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Why was the collection of China's customs duties by foreigners seen as a blow to Chinese sovereignty?
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It reduced China's control over its own economy
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What are consulates?
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Foreign diplomatic offices headed by consuls. p235
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From top to bottom, describe the levels of government & classes in Japan during the era of Tokugawa rule.
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From top: shogun, daimyo, samurai, peasant, artisan, merchant
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What was the Treaty of Kanagawa?
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Negotiations between American Matthew Perry & Japan in 1854 that permitted trade between the two countries. p235
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Who was Oda Nobunaga?
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First of powerful overlords that emerged because of divisions in the Ashikaga family. p230-231
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Who was Toyotomi Hideyoshi?
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Second of power overlords that emerged because of divisions in the Ashikaga family. He had led Nobunaga's army. He weakened other daimyo by reducing their territories and disarmed the peasants. He also invaded Korea. p231
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Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu?
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He was Hideyoshi's most powerful vassal and succeeded him as overlord. He established his capital at Tokyo and his family would keep the title of shogun for more than 250 years.
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Who was Matthew Perry?
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He was a commodore in the US army who was sent to Japan to negotiate a treaty that would guarantee the safety of US sailors & open Japanese ports to American trade (Treaty of Kanagawa).
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Who was Matthew Perry?
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He was a commodore in the US army who was sent to Japan to negotiate a treaty that would guarantee the safety of US sailors & open Japanese ports to American trade (Treaty of Kanagawa).
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Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu?
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He was Hideyoshi's most powerful vassal and succeeded him as overlord. He established his capital at Tokyo and his family would keep the title of shogun for more than 250 years.
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What was the Treaty of Kanagawa?
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Negotiations between American Matthew Perry & Japan in 1854 that permitted trade between the two countries. p235
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Was the policy of isolation good for Japan & the Japanese people?
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isolationist policies had bother positive and negative effects
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What changes in Japanese society occurred under the Tokugawa shogunate?
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internal trade expanded, cities grew, regions specialized in certain crops & crafts, artisans & merchants prospered, popular culture developed
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Why did the Chinese abandon overseas exploration?
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to concentrate resources on defending borders
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How did the Chinese economy change under the Ming & Qing emperors?
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the economy grew
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How did government corruption affect the Qing dynasty?
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created unreast that weakened the dynasty
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Why did the Chinese resist free trade with Great Britain?
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China resented importation of opium by Great Britain.
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What were the effects of the Opium War on China?
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China was defeated and was forced to allow more foregn trade
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What generally were the terms of the "unequal" treaties?
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China had to open additonal ports, allow British embassy, lease Hong Kong to Great Britain, protect Christians
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Why did the Japanese rulers see the Jesuits as a threat?
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they thought Christianity might weaken their authority
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Why did Japan open ports to American trade?
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under threat of military response if they did not
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