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15 Cards in this Set
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The efforts of archaeologists to advance understanding of prehistory are based mainly on which of the following assumptions about ancient peoples and cultures? A. Humans share a common ancestry with other primates. B. Language enables people to transmit culture from generation togeneration. C. Material remains reflect importantaspects of human behavior. D. Most people rely on myth andlegend to answer questions aboutthemselves. |
C. Material remains reflect important aspects of human behavior.
Archaeology is a branch of anthropology that attempts to explain human behavior through the study of artifacts such as tools, weapons, pottery, ruins of buildings and other structures, villages/cities, and jewelry. Anthropologists believe that analysis of an ancient culture's material products often reveals as much about the culture's society, economy, and religion as it does about the culture's art and technology. |
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Which of the following best describes the main function of monumental architecture in early Mesopotamia and ancient coastal Peru? A. to serve as fortresses for the protection of frontier areas B. to provide a site for the performance of religious rituals C. to serve as a place of assembly formajor civic functions D. to provide for the storage of grainand other foods |
B. to provide a site for the performance of religious rituals Most monumental buildings in early Mesopotamia were temples and shrines for the worship of regional gods. The monumental architecture of ancient coastal Peru served a similar function: to enable Andean peoples to worship their gods in impressive structuresthat clearly testified to their reverence and that regional deities were likely to find pleasing. |
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The main source of wealth and power among the empires of West Africa between A.D. 400 and 1500 was control of: A. the trans-Saharan salt and gold trade. B. major coastal ports. C. regional building materials andenergy sources. D. major ceremonial centers. |
A. the trans-Saharan salt and gold trade. A major source of wealth and power in West Africa between A.D. 400 and 1500 was the trans-Saharan salt and gold trade that linked Africa with Europe and the Middle East. Control of major trade routes provided West African empires with a steady source of tribute in taxes and goods from smaller states. |
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Use the map below of Europe between the ninth and eleventh centuries to answer the question that follows.
The arrows on the map best illustrate: A. major paths of population migration. B. major trade and travel routes. C. major paths of religious pilgrimage. D. major routes of military invasion. |
D. major routes of military invasion. The sets of arrows on the map represent major invasion routes of the period. The northern set illustrates routes taken by Viking invaders; the eastern set illustrates the main route taken by Magyar invaders; and the southern set illustrates a major route taken by Islamic invaders. |
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Which of the following was the most frequent source of conflict between church and state in Europe throughout the Middle Ages? A. the doctrine of divine right monarchy B. church ownership of large estates C. the sale of indulgences by the church D. the doctrine of papal supremacy |
D. the doctrine of papal supremacy The doctrine of papal supremacy not only gave the pope unassailable authority in matters of church doctrine but became the basis for major secular claims. Papal assertion of these latter claims often led to conflict between popes and secular rulers. This was particularly so during the pontificates of strong popes such as Gregory VII (1073–1085), who believed that temporal authority should be subordinate to spiritual power. |
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Which of the following breakthroughs of the Scientific Revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries presented a major challenge to traditional religious conceptions in Europe? A. the creation of instruments capable of viewing microscopic animals B. the discovery that the earth and the other planets revolved around the sun C. the formulation of an explanation for the workings of the human heart D. the development of a system for classifying plants and animals |
B. the discovery that the earth and the other planets revolved around the sun The medieval view that the sun and planets revolved around the earth supported the Christian belief that God had created the universe for the special benefit of human beings. When Copernicus proposed a sun-centered universe, religious authorities banned the teaching of the new theory because it undermined the traditional view that heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon,and other planets, revolved around the earth. |
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The Latin American revolutionaries of the early nineteenth century drew intellectual inspiration from the: A. political ideals of the Enlightenment. B. collectivist traditions of European social revolutionaries. C. economic theories of mercantilism. D. millenialist beliefs of early modern religious radicals. |
A. political ideals of the Enlightenment. Many prominent Latin American revolutionaries were familiar with major expressions of European political thought. Enlightenment ideals of natural rights, separation of church and state, and freedom of thought had a strong influence on their intellectual development and the movements they led for independence from Spain and Portugal. |
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Which of the following best describes an important consequence of western European industrialization during the first half of the nineteenth century? A. a contraction of the range of jobs open to women wage earners B. a decline in the average number of children in working-class families C. a division for families between home life and work life D. a decline in the number of children working outside the household |
C. a division for families between home life and work life In western Europe before the nineteenth century,manufacturing as well as farming took place largely in household units where father, mother, and children worked together as a family unit. With the spread of the factory system, work was done outside of the home and members of the same family did not work together. As a result, families in industrial centers experienced a division between home life and work life that had never before existed. |
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Which of the following played a major role in the spread of both communist and fascist ideologies in Europe between World War I and World War II? A. the territorial provisions of the Treaty of Versailles B. the growth of capitalism in many parts of the continent C. the military policies of the League of Nations D. the economic devastation caused by the Great Depression |
D. the economic devastation caused by the Great Depression The economic devastation caused by the Great Depression created fertile ground for the spread of communism and fascism in Europe by discrediting democratic governments that for a time seemed unable to cope with the mounting economic distress. Exploitation of this discontent played a particularly important role in Hitler's rise to power in Germany. |
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Which of the following had the greatest influence on the outcome of World War II in Europe? A. the productive capacity of U.S.factories B. the military experience of Allied general officers C. the economic resources of the British Empire D. the strategic errors of the German high command |
A. the productive capacity of U.S.factories Regardless of what happened on the battlefield, it was clear by1942 that the Axis powers in Europe had lost the war of production. The $37.5 billion of war material produced by U.S. factories in that year was nearly triple the output of German manufacturers. In later years, conditions only worsened for Germany, as Axis production declined and U.S. output increased by leaps and bounds. |
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Which of the following most influenced nation-building efforts on the Indian subcontinent during the decade after the establishment of Indian independence in 1947? A. religious differences between Hindus and Muslims B. U.S.-Soviet competition in the region C. shortages of raw materials needed for industrial development D. policies of the United Nations in the region |
A. religious differences between Hindus and Muslims In 1947, leaders of the Indian independence movement and the British Parliament abandoned plans for creating a united India because of mounting conflict between Hindus and Muslims. Instead, they agreed to a plan that divided the Indian subcontinent into two nations:Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. Since that time, religious difference between Hindus and Muslims have continued to influence nation-building efforts in the region. |
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Which of the following most influenced the emergence of a global economy during the final quarter of the twentieth century? A. changing patterns of international population movement B. advances in information technology C. changes in the international distribution of income D. increases in worker productivity |
B. advances in information technology Advances in information technology have produced a degree of global interdependence that was unimaginable a mere century ago. Most parts of the world have experienced the impact of the computer revolution, which contributed to the development of a global economy by reducing the effect of distance and time on international economic transactions. |
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Which of the following map-making problems best explains why it is impossible to accurately portray the earth on a map? A. the problem of choosing the map projection most appropriate to the needs of the map B. the problem of depicting sufficient detail within the limited confines of a map C. the problem of identifying the best map scale for displaying data accurately D. the problem of correctly representing the earth's curved surface on a flat piece of paper |
D. the problem of correctly representing the earth's curved surface on a flat piece of paper Because maps are flat and the earth is a sphere, it is impossible to reproduce the earth's features on a map without some measure of distortion. |
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Which line in the table below best matches a world climate region with a description of common characteristics of that region? A. Line 1 B. Line 2 C. Line 3 D. Line 4 |
B. Line 2 Steppe climates, such as the Eurasian steppe and the Pampas of Argentina, are located on the periphery of deserts. Their distinguishing characteristics include semi arid conditions, annual precipitation levels similar to the closest humid climate, short grass vegetation, and fertile brown or black soils. |
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In which of the following ways did urbanization in twentieth-century Latin America differ most from the earlier experience of Western Europe? A. There were concerted efforts to coordinate development between urban and rural areas in Latin America. B. Demographic growth preceded economic development in many Latin American cities. C. Transportation and economic links quickly developed between national metropolises and regional cities in Latin America. D. There were clear functional differences among major cities inmost Latin American countries. |
B. Demographic growth preceded economic development in many Latin American cities. Although urbanization produced numerous social problems in nineteenth-century Europe, industrialization provided ample employment opportunities for urban residents. This was not the case in most parts of twentieth-century Latin America, where urban population growth outpaced job creation, making paid work difficult to find for many rural migrants. |
