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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Middle ages?
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Middle Ages: aka medieval period.
-Spanned from about 500-1500. - a new society emerged. - * Came after the Roman Empire declined -* had many roman roots and customs of germanic tribes as these took over the Roman Empire |
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What were three roots of Medieval culture in Western Europe?
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The classical heritage of Rome, The beliefs of the Roman Catholic church, and The customs of various Germanic tribes (as Germanic tribes had invaded the area)
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How did the Civilization in western Europe decline after the Roman Empire Fell? (with the germanic invasions)
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1.Downfall in Cities -
a) people moved from urban centers to the country/rural areas b) cities become unsafe 2. disruption in trade ==> economy collapses 3. The decline of learning - a) Germanic invaders didn't know how to read or write - they had no written language b) only priests and church officials were literate 4. Loss of Common Language - latin died - other European languages/dialects developed |
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How was there Disruption in trade?
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Merchants faced invasions from both land and sea. Their businesses collapsed. Which led to money becoming scarce
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How did the cities downfall
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with the fall of Roman Empire, cities were abandoned as centers of administration
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How did the Decline of learning affect the decline of the Roman empire?
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Germanic invaders who stormed Rome could not read or write. Among Romans themselves, the level of learning sank sharply.
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What was the 1 thing that survived the Germanic invasion of Western Europe
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CHURCH - the church provided order and security _Germans adopted Christianity
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What helped Christianity spread during the Middle Ages
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1) Missionaries
2) Monasteries and convents - copied books, opened libraries 3)Benedict (Italian Monk) set the rules for life in the monasteries 4) Monasteries became Europe's best educated communities |
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What is a monastery?
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Religious communities that the church would build to adapt to rural conditions. Monks gave up their private possessions and devoted their lives to serving God - became the best educated communities in Europe
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Compare how the Roman Empire vs. Germanic tribes
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ROMAN vs. Germanic
1) roman provinces vs Small Kingdoms 2) loyalty to public govt vs personal loyalty & family loyalty 3) written law vs. unwritten rules and traditions 4) big cities vs small communities * Romans had a lot of rules and organizations * Germanic Kingdoms aroused without rules of law – they didn’t want to obey a king |
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Who were the Franks?
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A group that dominated Western Europe (in the Roman province of Gaul (now France and Switzerland))
- they brought Christianity to Western Europe - they controlled the largest and strongest of Europe's kingdoms after the collapse of the Roman Empire -they defeated other Germanic tribes and aligned with the Christian Church (big Help for the Christian Church) -led by CLOVIS 1st and Charles Martel , AND Charlemagne later |
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Who was Pope Gregory I (the Great)? What was the most important achievement of Pope Gregory 1?
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-head of Church in Rome
-He broadened the authority of the papacy, or pope’s office, beyond spiritual role. - As a result church became involved in state/govt matters -Gregory used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, and help the poor. - Acted as the Mayor of Rome |
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what does the term secular mean?
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Secular: worldly, church power involved in politics
* Church became secular --became the center in Roman government -- The idea that church ruled government was one of the central themes of the middle ages |
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Who was Charles Martel ? Why was Charles Martel's his victory at so important for Christianity?
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- father of Pepin the Short (who named King of the Grace of God" by the pope)
– grandfather of Charlemagne – He defeated the muslims in the Battle of Tours 732 which helped expand Christianity - If the Muslims had won then western Europe might have become part of the Muslim Empire - he Began the Carolingian Dynasty |
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What was the Carolingian Dynasty?
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a family that ruled the Franks from 751-987 -
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Who was Charlemagne ? What did he accomplish?
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“Charles the Great” -(Charles Martel's grandson) -ruled as KING
- one of the greatest military leaders in the Middle Ages 1) - he built an empire greater than any one known since the roman empire (larger than Byz empire) -fought muslims, germanic tribes etc -2) he spread christianity throughout his empire 3) reunited western Europe 4) Later became Roman Emperor - appointed by pope b/c he defended the pope 5 ) ensure rich people treated their people justly (limiting how much authority the nobles had) 6) encouraged learning - he revived the political and cultural life that had disappeared when the Roman empire fell. 7)had 3 sons who fought for the empire 8) had real close relationship with the pope |
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Palatine Chapel
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part of a palace in Germany built for Charlemagne - the famed king of the Franks - massive vaults -octagonal structure
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Who is known in history for having united the Germanic Kingdoms (after the downfall of Roman Empire)?
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Charlemagne
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What was the most important Event in the Unification of the Germanic Kingdoms ? why?
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The Church and the conversion to Christianity as this was a time of a lot of caos (downfall of Roman Empire and lots of invasions) and the church provided security and protection
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What happened when Charlemagne died? Who took over?
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The kingdom had to be divided b/n his 3 grandsons as they were fighting for power (Treaty of Verdun)
(his son ws ineffective ruler) – the lack of central ruler led to feudalism system |
