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91 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

In Europe, ______ buildup, ________ feelings, and _______ alliances set the stage for a continental war.

military


nationalistic


rival

World War I began on __________, when _________ declared war on _______

July 28, 1914


Austria-Hungary, Serbia

What were the 3 underlying forces?

Rise of Nationalism


Imperialism


Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war


militarism

the driving forces of increased rivalry among European nations:



-Competition for _________ and ________


-_________ disputes


-_________


-Dangerous _______ arms race

materials, markets


Territorial


Imperialism


European

Which countries made up the Triple Alliance?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

The alliance systems were designed to keep _______________ between the European countries.

peace

What type of man was Kaiser Wilhelm II, and in what year did he force Bismarck to resign so that Wilhelm II could have total power?

-Proud and stubborn


-1890

The Triple Entente was made up of which countries?

Britain, France, Russia

What region is referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe?


The Balkans

Between what years did intense nationalism in the Balkans again lead to bloodshed?

1991-1996

in 1890, he forces Bismarck to resign

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Kaiser Wilhelm II takes total ________, sets ________ on a new course, and built German ______ to equal that of ______

power


Germany


navy, Britain

In what year were there the two rival camps in Europe?

1907

What was the date for the War In Bosnia?

April 1, 1992-December 14, 1995

One ________ nation after another was drawn into a large and industrialized _____ that resulted in many ________

European


war


casualties

Much of the technology of modern ______, such as fighter planes and tanks, was introduced in World War I

warfare

led Germany during the last decade of the 1800s and during most of World War I

Kaiser Wilhelm II

One _______ nation after another was drawn into a large and industrialized _____ that resulted in many casualties.

European, war

Who were the central powers?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, (Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire joined)

who were the allies?

Great Britain, France, Russia (Japan joined and later Italy broke from the Triple Alliance and joined with the Allies)

A Plan developed by General Schlieffen. In the event of a two-front war, Schlieffen had called for attacking France and then Russia. He believed Russia would have more difficulty mobilizing troops due to lack of railroads. The plan said that a large part of the German army would race west to defeat France and then return to fight Russia in the east.

Schlieffen Plan

What were the 5 new weapons of war in WWI?

Poison Gas, Machine Gun, Tank, Airplane, Submarine

the plan to attack and defeat France first and then attack and defeat Russia

The Schlieffen Plan

Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as the Central Powers?

Because of their location in the heart of Europe.

The deadlocked region in northern France.

Western Front

During World War I, what was trench warfare, and why was it usually inefficient?

Soldiers fought each other from trenches. Armies traded huge losses for very small land gains.

Men involved in trench warfare had to live through what kind of miserable conditions?

Men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud. The trenches swarmed with rats. Fresh food was nonexistent. Sleep was impossible.

Stretch of battlefield along the German and Russian border

Eastern Front

Much of the _______ of modern warfare, such as fighter ______ and ______, was introduced in World War I

technology


planes and tanks

World War I ______ to several continents and required the full resources of many ___________.

spread, governments

A policy made by the Germans that would allow them to sink without warning any ship in the waters around Britain.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

German U-boats sank how many American ships?

3

What 2 German actions brought the United States into WWI?



-Unrestricted ________ _______


-The _________ note

submarine warfare


Zimmerman

The message that said Germany would help Mexico "re-conquer" the land it had lost to the United States if Mexico would ally itself with Germany.

Zimmerman note

A war in which the countries involved devote all their resources to the war effort.

total war

A system where people could buy only small amounts of those items that were also needed for the war effort.

rationing

One sided information designed to persuade or keep up morale and support for the war.

propaganda

What was the War’s major impact on women?



women replaced men in _________, _______, and _______, built ______, made ________, plowed ______, paved ______, ran ________, kept troops supplied with food, clothing, and weapons

factories, offices and shops


tanks


munitions


fields


streets


hospitals

when did Kaiser Wilhelm II was forced to step down, and Germany declared itself a republic.

November 9, 1918

when did World War I come to an end

November 11, 1918

an agreement to stop fighting

armistice

Allies take control of German holdings in ______ and ________

Asia and Africa

_______ and _______ use their colonial subjects to help in war effort

Britain and France

World War I becomes _______ _______

total war

________ take control of economy to produce war goods

Governments

Nations turn to _______

rationing

Women were used as nurses and in _________ factories

munitions

The use of _________ posters to divert all attention to the War on the home front

propaganda

__________ occurred on the home fronts

rationing

Russia Withdraws:


-______ _______ in Russia forces czar to step down from throne in ______


-________ soon take control of Russia's government


-Russia signs treaty with ________ in March ______, pulls out of war

Civil unrest, 1917


Communists


Germany, 1918

The Central Powers Collapse:


-With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to ______ ______


-Engage in major fighting; _______ force Germans to retreat


-_______ win war; ________ signed in November _____

Western Front


Allies


Allies, armistice, 1918


An _________ is the stopping of fighting so both sides find a truce, and _______ is the declaration of defeat by one side.

armistice


surrendering

An armistice was signed on ________ ____, _______ bringing WWI to an end.

November 11, 1918

Three reasons that WWI was considered to be a new kind of war:


1. New __________


2. War on a _____ and ______ scale


3. WWI left behind a landscape of ______ and ________ such as never seen before.

technologies


grand and global


death and destruction

After winning the war, the ______ dictated a harsh peace settlement that left many nations feeling _________

Allies


betrayed


Who made up the Big Four?

-Woodrow Wilson


-Georges Clemenceau


-David Lloyd George


-Vittorio Orlando

Georges Clemenceau: what country

France

David Lloyd George: what country

Great Britain

Vittorio Orlando: what country

Italy

a plan for the postwar world. It included a series of proposals made by President Wilson that outlined a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace.

Fourteen Points

The guiding idea behind the 14 points. It meant allowing people to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live.

policy of self-determination

The French were determined to punish Germany because ______ was where most of the __________ had occured

France


fighting

Which country was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles: Article 231?

Germany

An international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations

League of Nations,

which two countries involved in WWI were excluded from the League of Nations?

Germany and Russia

Many Americans objected to the settlement and especially to President Wilson's __________ _______ ________. They believed America's best hope for peace was to stay out of __________ ________

League of Nations, European affairs.

World War I was considered to be a new war because:



A: It involved new ______________


B: It was a war on a _________ and ________ scale.


C: It left behind a landscape of ________ and ____________ such as never was seen before.


technologies


grand and global


death and destruction

In World War One, what were two of the war’s most extreme costs for all nations involved?



The huge loss of _______ ______ and devastating __________ ______ on Europe

human life


economic impact


Treaty of Versailles:


-_________ was required to assume sole responsibility for the war.


-_________ had to pay _________ to the _______


-German anger towards this treaty was used by the ______ to gain power

Germany


Germany, reparations, Allies


Nazis

By the end of World War I the British Army had dealt with ___________ cases of shell shock

80,000

when did The Treaty of Versailles occur?

June 1919

What did France want from the treaty?

Security


Revenge


Reparations

_________ wanted to make sure that Germany could not invade France in the future

Clemenceau

In public __________ said he wanted to punish the Germans. The ______ public was very anti-German at the end of the war.

Lloyd-George

In private he realized that Britain needed Germany to recover because she was an important _________ ________

trading partner

what was communism known as

disease from the east

Lloyd George believed that the spread of ________ had to be stopped.

communism

Woodrow Wilson wanted the treaty to be based on his ________ _______

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson believed Germany should be ________ but not severely. He wanted a _____ ________ that would not leave Germany feeling resentful.

punished


just settlement

The American public did not support Woodrow Wilson. They were fed up with involvement in European affairs. The USA became more __________

isolationist

Germany forced to accept responsibility for starting the war

The War Guilt Clause

Germany agreed to pay for the damage caused by her armies during the war. The sum she had to pay was later fixed at ___________

6,600 million

Germany was forbidden to unite with ________

Austria

Treaty of Versailles creates feelings of __________ on both sides

bitterness

German people feel bitter and betrayed for _____ ______ for war

taking blame

________ never signs Treaty of Versailles

America

________ and ________ criticize agreement; gain less _____ than they want

Japan and Italy, land

World War I spread to several continents and required the full resources of many ___________

governments

an international association formed after WWI with the goal of keeping peace among nations

The League of Nations

The United States rejected the _________ and the idea of the __________.

Treaty of Versailles


League of Nations