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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In Europe, ______ buildup, ________ feelings, and _______ alliances set the stage for a continental war. |
military nationalistic rival |
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World War I began on __________, when _________ declared war on _______ |
July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary, Serbia |
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What were the 3 underlying forces? |
Rise of Nationalism Imperialism Militarism |
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A policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war
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militarism |
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the driving forces of increased rivalry among European nations:
-Competition for _________ and ________ -_________ disputes -_________ -Dangerous _______ arms race |
materials, markets Territorial Imperialism European |
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Which countries made up the Triple Alliance? |
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy |
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The alliance systems were designed to keep _______________ between the European countries. |
peace |
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What type of man was Kaiser Wilhelm II, and in what year did he force Bismarck to resign so that Wilhelm II could have total power? |
-Proud and stubborn -1890 |
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The Triple Entente was made up of which countries? |
Britain, France, Russia |
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What region is referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe?
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The Balkans |
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Between what years did intense nationalism in the Balkans again lead to bloodshed? |
1991-1996 |
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in 1890, he forces Bismarck to resign |
Kaiser Wilhelm II |
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Kaiser Wilhelm II takes total ________, sets ________ on a new course, and built German ______ to equal that of ______ |
power Germany navy, Britain |
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In what year were there the two rival camps in Europe? |
1907 |
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What was the date for the War In Bosnia? |
April 1, 1992-December 14, 1995 |
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One ________ nation after another was drawn into a large and industrialized _____ that resulted in many ________ |
European war casualties |
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Much of the technology of modern ______, such as fighter planes and tanks, was introduced in World War I |
warfare |
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led Germany during the last decade of the 1800s and during most of World War I |
Kaiser Wilhelm II |
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One _______ nation after another was drawn into a large and industrialized _____ that resulted in many casualties. |
European, war |
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Who were the central powers? |
Germany, Austria-Hungary, (Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire joined) |
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who were the allies? |
Great Britain, France, Russia (Japan joined and later Italy broke from the Triple Alliance and joined with the Allies) |
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A Plan developed by General Schlieffen. In the event of a two-front war, Schlieffen had called for attacking France and then Russia. He believed Russia would have more difficulty mobilizing troops due to lack of railroads. The plan said that a large part of the German army would race west to defeat France and then return to fight Russia in the east. |
Schlieffen Plan |
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What were the 5 new weapons of war in WWI? |
Poison Gas, Machine Gun, Tank, Airplane, Submarine |
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the plan to attack and defeat France first and then attack and defeat Russia |
The Schlieffen Plan |
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Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as the Central Powers? |
Because of their location in the heart of Europe. |
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The deadlocked region in northern France. |
Western Front |
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During World War I, what was trench warfare, and why was it usually inefficient? |
Soldiers fought each other from trenches. Armies traded huge losses for very small land gains. |
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Men involved in trench warfare had to live through what kind of miserable conditions? |
Men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud. The trenches swarmed with rats. Fresh food was nonexistent. Sleep was impossible. |
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Stretch of battlefield along the German and Russian border |
Eastern Front |
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Much of the _______ of modern warfare, such as fighter ______ and ______, was introduced in World War I |
technology planes and tanks |
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World War I ______ to several continents and required the full resources of many ___________. |
spread, governments |
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A policy made by the Germans that would allow them to sink without warning any ship in the waters around Britain. |
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare |
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German U-boats sank how many American ships? |
3 |
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What 2 German actions brought the United States into WWI?
-Unrestricted ________ _______ -The _________ note |
submarine warfare Zimmerman |
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The message that said Germany would help Mexico "re-conquer" the land it had lost to the United States if Mexico would ally itself with Germany. |
Zimmerman note |
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A war in which the countries involved devote all their resources to the war effort. |
total war |
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A system where people could buy only small amounts of those items that were also needed for the war effort. |
rationing |
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One sided information designed to persuade or keep up morale and support for the war. |
propaganda |
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What was the War’s major impact on women?
women replaced men in _________, _______, and _______, built ______, made ________, plowed ______, paved ______, ran ________, kept troops supplied with food, clothing, and weapons |
factories, offices and shops tanks munitions fields streets hospitals |
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when did Kaiser Wilhelm II was forced to step down, and Germany declared itself a republic. |
November 9, 1918 |
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when did World War I come to an end |
November 11, 1918 |
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an agreement to stop fighting |
armistice |
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Allies take control of German holdings in ______ and ________ |
Asia and Africa |
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_______ and _______ use their colonial subjects to help in war effort |
Britain and France |
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World War I becomes _______ _______ |
total war |
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________ take control of economy to produce war goods |
Governments |
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Nations turn to _______ |
rationing |
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Women were used as nurses and in _________ factories |
munitions |
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The use of _________ posters to divert all attention to the War on the home front |
propaganda |
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__________ occurred on the home fronts |
rationing |
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Russia Withdraws: -______ _______ in Russia forces czar to step down from throne in ______ -________ soon take control of Russia's government -Russia signs treaty with ________ in March ______, pulls out of war |
Civil unrest, 1917 Communists Germany, 1918 |
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The Central Powers Collapse: -With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to ______ ______ -Engage in major fighting; _______ force Germans to retreat -_______ win war; ________ signed in November _____ |
Western Front Allies Allies, armistice, 1918
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An _________ is the stopping of fighting so both sides find a truce, and _______ is the declaration of defeat by one side. |
armistice surrendering |
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An armistice was signed on ________ ____, _______ bringing WWI to an end. |
November 11, 1918 |
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Three reasons that WWI was considered to be a new kind of war: 1. New __________ 2. War on a _____ and ______ scale 3. WWI left behind a landscape of ______ and ________ such as never seen before. |
technologies grand and global death and destruction |
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After winning the war, the ______ dictated a harsh peace settlement that left many nations feeling _________ |
Allies betrayed
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Who made up the Big Four? |
-Woodrow Wilson -Georges Clemenceau -David Lloyd George -Vittorio Orlando |
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Georges Clemenceau: what country |
France |
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David Lloyd George: what country |
Great Britain |
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Vittorio Orlando: what country |
Italy |
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a plan for the postwar world. It included a series of proposals made by President Wilson that outlined a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace. |
Fourteen Points |
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The guiding idea behind the 14 points. It meant allowing people to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live. |
policy of self-determination |
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The French were determined to punish Germany because ______ was where most of the __________ had occured |
France fighting |
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Which country was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles: Article 231? |
Germany |
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An international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations |
League of Nations, |
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which two countries involved in WWI were excluded from the League of Nations? |
Germany and Russia |
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Many Americans objected to the settlement and especially to President Wilson's __________ _______ ________. They believed America's best hope for peace was to stay out of __________ ________ |
League of Nations, European affairs. |
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World War I was considered to be a new war because:
A: It involved new ______________ B: It was a war on a _________ and ________ scale. C: It left behind a landscape of ________ and ____________ such as never was seen before.
|
technologies grand and global death and destruction |
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In World War One, what were two of the war’s most extreme costs for all nations involved?
The huge loss of _______ ______ and devastating __________ ______ on Europe |
human life economic impact
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Treaty of Versailles: -_________ was required to assume sole responsibility for the war. -_________ had to pay _________ to the _______ -German anger towards this treaty was used by the ______ to gain power |
Germany Germany, reparations, Allies Nazis |
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By the end of World War I the British Army had dealt with ___________ cases of shell shock |
80,000 |
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when did The Treaty of Versailles occur? |
June 1919 |
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What did France want from the treaty? |
Security Revenge Reparations |
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_________ wanted to make sure that Germany could not invade France in the future |
Clemenceau |
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In public __________ said he wanted to punish the Germans. The ______ public was very anti-German at the end of the war. |
Lloyd-George |
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In private he realized that Britain needed Germany to recover because she was an important _________ ________ |
trading partner |
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what was communism known as |
disease from the east |
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Lloyd George believed that the spread of ________ had to be stopped. |
communism |
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Woodrow Wilson wanted the treaty to be based on his ________ _______ |
Fourteen Points |
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Woodrow Wilson believed Germany should be ________ but not severely. He wanted a _____ ________ that would not leave Germany feeling resentful. |
punished just settlement |
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The American public did not support Woodrow Wilson. They were fed up with involvement in European affairs. The USA became more __________ |
isolationist |
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Germany forced to accept responsibility for starting the war |
The War Guilt Clause |
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Germany agreed to pay for the damage caused by her armies during the war. The sum she had to pay was later fixed at ___________ |
6,600 million |
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Germany was forbidden to unite with ________ |
Austria |
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Treaty of Versailles creates feelings of __________ on both sides |
bitterness |
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German people feel bitter and betrayed for _____ ______ for war |
taking blame |
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________ never signs Treaty of Versailles |
America |
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________ and ________ criticize agreement; gain less _____ than they want |
Japan and Italy, land |
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World War I spread to several continents and required the full resources of many ___________ |
governments |
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an international association formed after WWI with the goal of keeping peace among nations |
The League of Nations |
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The United States rejected the _________ and the idea of the __________. |
Treaty of Versailles League of Nations |