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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pope Gregory the Great |
Ruled 590-604, helped fill the power vacuum in Europe, especially Rome and surrounding areas, where there were no other rulers for a time. |
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Diocese and Parish |
Religious and political units of the Church of Rome and the Roman Empire |
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Hierarchy |
Persons arranged in a series according to their degree of power |
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Pontifex Maximus |
Term meaning "high priest." This term used to be used by Roman Emperors, but the Popes eventually used the title. |
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Lords |
Military strongmen who controlled small dominions |
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Franks |
This German tribe settled the area where France and Germany are today. The term means "free." They established the first large empire in Western Europe after the fall of Rome and helped popes acquire the worldly power they desired. |
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Clovis |
First great Frankish military and political leader, he inherited the title of tribal king from his father in 481. |
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Merovingian |
Series of Frankish kings beginning with Clovis. Reigned 481-751. |
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Tolbiac |
Fought in 496, Clovis claimed God granted him a miraculous victory at this battle. |
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Orleans, Council of Orleans, 511 |
Clovis called a church council at this city in this year. |
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Mayors of the Palace |
Officials who took over Merivingion kings duties. |
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Charles Martel, 714 |
Born 688, allied himself with the Roman church and Bishop Boniface in order to hold onto his conquests. He led the Battle of Tours. Year he became Mayor of the Palace. |
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Pepin the Short, 751 |
Became Mayor of the Palace in 741. Son of Charles Martel. Convinced Pope Zacharias that he should be king. The year he was crowned king. |
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Bishop Boniface |
Missionary to northern Gaul. Charles Martel aligned himself with him. He crown Pepin the Short king. |
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Pope Zecharias |
Agreed Pepin the Short should be king and had Bishop Boniface crown him |
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Pope Stephen II |
Crowned Pepin the Short a second time and threatened to excommunicate anyone who tried to overthrow him. |
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Lombards |
Germanic tribe which showed interest in the Pope's land but had their own strip of land taken away by Pepin which was then donated to Pope Stephen II. |
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Papal States |
The "Donation of Pepin" - the strip of land in Italy taken away from the Lombards and given to the pope. |
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Patrician of the Romans |
Title given to Pepin by Pope Stephen II |
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Carolingian |
Series of Frankish kings starting with Pepin in 751 and ending in the 900s. |
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Charles or Charlemagne |
Son of Pepin, became king in 768. His kingdom stretched across the Pyrenees mountains into northern Spain and into northern Italy. |
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Pope Leo III |
This pope placed a golden crown on Charlemagne's head and gave him the title, Charles Augustus, Emporer of the Romans. |
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Louis the Pious |
Son of Charlemagne, was co-emperor with his father. He was considered weak. After his father's death, the empire began to crumble, and his sons fought over ruling the empire. |
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Treaty of Verdun, 843 |
This treaty, signed by Louis the Pious' sons three years after his death, divided the kingdom into three parts. The year the treaty was signed. |
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France and Germany |
The Treaty of Verdun led to the development of three kingdoms: the Middle Kingdom which eventually disintegrated, and these two more permanent kingdoms. |
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Magyars |
Fierce invaders from the east who murdered, burned and plundered. They eventually settled what is now known as Hungary. |
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Moors |
Muslims from North Africa that were firmly entrenched in Spain. They scattered outposts throughout Europe and controlled the Mediterranean. |
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Norseman or Vikings |
Germanic tribe that dwelled to the north in Scandinavia. In the 9th century, they settled Iceland and Greenland. By 1000, they had reached the coast of North America but never established any permanent residence there. |
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Normandy |
Viking settlement along the northern coast of western Europe. |
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Feudalism |
A way of life based upon the ownership and use of land |
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Fief |
A piece of land owned by one man who permitted another man to use it in return for certain promised services. |
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Lord |
The man who owned a fief. |
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Vassal |
A man who used a fief in exchange for his services. |
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Homage |
Ceremony where the vassal knelt down and vowed to be his "lord's man." |
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Oath of fealty |
The vassal swears to be loyal to his lord. |
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Act of investiture |
The lord gives the vassal an object such as a lance or spear to show he has a right to use the fief. |
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Knights |
Masters of medieval warfare. |
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Crown land |
Section of land kept by the king for his personal use. |
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800-1250 |
The age of feudalism in Western Europe |
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Chivalry |
The code of conduct for the nobility and the knights. The code stressed the good qualities of a warrior: strength, courage and loyalty. |
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Page |
A household servant in the service of a lord. |
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Squire |
A personal servant to his lord or to another knight in the lord's service. |
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Heraldry |
The study of the emblems and designs of the coat of arms. |
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Turrets |
Another term for castle's towers |
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Manors |
Estates belonging to nobles |
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Serfs |
Farmers who lived on manors |
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Demesne |
The lord's fields where serfs worked. |