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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
tombs for eternity, preserved bodies of dead rulers & provided them everything they would need for afterlife
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pyramid
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form of Egyptian picture writing, used to keep important records
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heiroglyphics
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a flat, black stone that has the same message written 3 different forms of script, hyroglyphics, demotic & greek
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rosetta stone
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first civilization
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Mesopotamia
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King of Babylon, brought Mesopotamia under his control. eye 4 eye...
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Hammurabi
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gained fame as sailors and traders. the occupied a string of cities along the eastern Mediterranean coast
Alphabet |
Phoenicians
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considered a major world religion influenced Christianity & Islalm.
1 God - moral law system |
Judaism
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farmers/lead to the rise of cities. systematic planting of crops
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agriculture
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mountains & valleys, rugged coast, hundreds or rocky islands
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geograph of Greece
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population growth at 750 BC spread around
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Greek colonies
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Dorians who conquered Laconia. strong military
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Sparta
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culture, philosophy, olympics, drama
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Athens
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city states alliance against Teresa
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Delian League
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wrote the Illiad and the Odyssey.
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Homer
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Wise skillful leadership. Because of him the economy thrived and the government became democratic.
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Pericles
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special games held in Athens for competition to honor the gods.
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olympics
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most important Greek contribution to literature, tragedy, comedy, based on Greek stories.
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Drama
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predicted the future
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Oracle
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Athens vs. Sparta
Sparta wins |
Peloponnesian war
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outspoken critic of the sophist Athenean stonesman and philospher
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Socrates
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Socrates' student and he wrote the book the Republican
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Plato
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Plato's most infamous student. Developed his own ideas about government. Influenced western thought
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Aristotle
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Tutored by Aristotle, empire Greece, Egypt, Persia, India
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Alexander the Great
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Alexander the Great rules this
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Hellenistic culture
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upper class in Rome
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Patricians
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the farmers merchants, artisans, and traders who made up the bulk of the population. Lower class
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Plebeians
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Laws in public
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Laws of the 12 tables
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war between Rome and Carthage (Rome wins) (3 wars)
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Punic Wars
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ruling foreign people
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Imperialism
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first Roman Emperor
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Julius Caesar
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Roman Peace - started by Augustus
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Pax Romana
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Paul & Peter spread it around Rome
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Christianity
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Killing of Christians
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martyrdom
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walked near Asia & Africa spreading good news
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Paul
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Emperor in Rome
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Nero
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Converted to Christianity, emperor
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Constantine
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begins Pax Romana
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Augustus
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Horseback riders, attacked Rome
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Huns
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Another group that attacked Rome (Ended Rome)
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Germanic Tribes
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476 AD Rome fell to barbaric invaders. Ends Roman Empire
Christianity words: vita, census, etc. |
Fall of Rome
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Loosely organized system of government where local Lords governed but owned military service
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feudalism
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during the middle ages in Europe, a lord's estate which included 1 or more villages and the surrounding land
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manor
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the rank under lesser lord just above peasants. It was a rank that men would train from boyhood adopted in the middle ages
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Knight
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code of conduct applied to novels (Knights)
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chivalry
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temple where monks live
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monastery
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association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect the known economic interests.
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guild
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people who live in towns. middle class, sold things
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townspeople
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Holy wars
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Crusades
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the Muslems that took over Jeruselem and started the crusade
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Seljuk Turks
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a disease that was raging through Haly/ its name is the bubonic plague, spread by rats
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black death
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the form of government that makes laws for England
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Parliament
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modern day Israel
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Holy Land
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the everyday language of people
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vernacular
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paid for Renaissance; is a patron
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Lorenzo de Medici
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produced a lot of poets, artists, architects, scholars & scientists; successful banking business in Italy
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Florence
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rebirth of culture and knowledge
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renaissance
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supported arts financially
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Patron
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father of arts, music, art, lit
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Leonardo da Vinci
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served as dictator
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Niccolo Machiavelli
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wrote "Don Quixote" - love and adveal
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Migues de Cervantes
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painted "a peasant wedding"
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Pieter Brughel
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sun centered universe
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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printing press
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Johann Gutenberg
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science of anatomy
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Andreas Vesalius
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wrote utopia
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Sir Thomas More
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a perfect society
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Utopia
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taught several belief, rejected that the church had special powers
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Martin Luther
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Led by Martin Luther
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protestant formation
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pointed at indulgence
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95 theses
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taught predestination
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John Calvin
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predestination
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God has a plan
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wanted a divorce - separated England (becomes protestant)
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Henry VIII
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wanted marriage not legal
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anulment
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faith & works - reaffirms traditional Catholic views; vows
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council of Trent
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punished heretics (taught what the church didn't say
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inquisition
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Kings chose religion
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Peace of Augsburg
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contrary beliefs to the church
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Heresy
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started Jesuits schools & missions
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Ignatius Loyola
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why exploration began
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spice trade
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mapmaker
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cartographer
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a device used to measure the angles of stars & sun above the horizon (lat at sea)
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astrolabe
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combined the square sails of European ships w/ Arab lateen or triangular sails, made it easier to sail
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Caravel
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first nation to explore
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Portugal
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aka Prince Henry hoped to expand Christianity and first source of African gold
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Henry the Navigator
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Italian navigator wanted to reach the Indes by sailing west - looked for passage to India
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Christopher Columbus
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Islands discovered by conquistadors, currently known as the Dominican Republic & Haiti
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Hispaniola
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Line for Portugal & Spain by Pope
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Line of Demarcation
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to sail around the world
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circumnavigation
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does not exist
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Northwest passage
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conquered the Aztecs
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Hernan Cortes
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Spanish for "Conquer"
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Conquistador
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conquedred Incas
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Francisco Pizarro
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modern day Peru
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Inca Empire
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forced Indian labor
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Encomienda
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encouraged learning in new world
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mission
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Louisian to Quebec
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New France
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first permanent English settlement
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Jamestown
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French, Indian war, fought for land, (England wins)
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Seven Years War
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Sellmore than bought, make profit
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Mercantilism
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One person
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capitalism
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used ships to transport goods
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Netherlands
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move up in social classes
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social mobility
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King has complete authority
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absolutism
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kings thought they were gods on earth
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divine right
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based in Austria, owned parts of Italy, Germany, Netherlands & Spain
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Hapsburg Empire
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fleet of ships
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Armada
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tolerance for protestant
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Edict of Nantes
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builds Versailles, spent lots of $
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Louis XIV of France
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hunting lodge
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Versailles
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French Calvinest (protested)
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Huguenot
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Patron of arts. tolerant words faiths
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Elizabeth I of England
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behaved like an absolute monarch, signed petition of right & raised taxes
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Charlels I of England
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Charles vs. Parliament won
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English Civil War
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lead round heads
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Oliver Cromwell
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overthrow of James II w/o bloodshed 1688
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The Glorious Revolution
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limited monarchy
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Constitutional Monarchy
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English legislature
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Parliament
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takes part of Poland
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Frederick II of Prussia
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fought for control of German speaking people
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Maria Theresa
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"Ivan the Terrible" 1st czar of Russia. started oprichdiro
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Ivan IV of Russia
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leader
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Czar
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Ivans secret police
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Oprichnina
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westernizes Russia. expands to Black Sea
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Peter I of Russia
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other monarch takes a piece of Poland
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Catherine II of Russia
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Prussia, Austria, Russia
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Partition of Poland
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belief all countries in Europe are equal & similar
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balance of power
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