World Geography Chapter 3 Test

Front 1

Define Demography

Back 1

The study of populations

Front 2

Define Culture

Back 2

The beliefs and actions that define a group of peoples way of life

Front 3

What is population density?

Back 3

One relatively small share of the earths surface- areas where the soil is fertile enough, water is plentiful enough and the climate is mild enough to grow crops

Front 4

How have people adapted to their environment?

Back 4

It depends on the environment, for example if the weather is cold than they will wear heavy clothing, it allows people to survive in areas that might appear hostile to human life.

Front 5

What is the most accurate way to calculate population density?

Back 5

Divide the total population of region by the region land area

Front 6

List two factors that have contributed in population growth

Back 6

Modern technology and food production

Front 7

List three possible effects of population growth that will bring new problems

Back 7

Some demographers predict increases in famine, disease, and natural resource depletion

Front 8

List two possible effects of population growth that will benefit future generations

Back 8

Level of technology, and creativity will also increase

Front 9

When is a country said to have reached zero population growth?

Back 9

When the combined birthrate and immigration rate equals the combined death rate and emigration rate

Front 10

Where does the majority of the population in Europe and North American live?

Back 10

Cities

Front 11

What is the growth ratio between urban areas and rural areas in many countries throughout the world?

Back 11

Urbanization

Front 12

What is Material Culture?

Back 12

Things that people make such as food, clothing, architecture, art, crafts and technology

Front 13

What is Non-Material Culture?

Back 13

The religion, language, spiritual beliefs, and patterns of behavior

Front 14

What is the cornerstone of culture? Why? & what does it reflect about the culture?

Back 14

Cornerstone of culture is language, without language people would not be able to communicate, language reflects a cultures identity

Front 15

List the three main causes of fighting between countries

Back 15

religious differences, lack of political power & economic opportunity

Front 16

What is Culture hearth?

Back 16

A place where important ideas begin and from which they spread to surrounding cultures

Front 17

What part does religion play in development of a culture?

Back 17

religion helps people answer basic questions about the meaning and purpose of life, it supports values that a group of people consider important

Front 18

In all cultures, what is the most important unit of social organization?

Back 18

Family

Front 19

List the three main causes of fighting between countries

Back 19

religious differences, lack of political power & economic opportunity

Front 20

In order of status, how are people ranked into social classes?

Back 20

It may be based on money, occupation, education, ancestry, or any other factor culture values highly

Front 21

Which groups are most often restricted from improving their social class?

Back 21

Social mobility is usually restricted

Front 22

What is cultural convergence

Back 22

the skills, arts, ideas, habits and institutions of one culture come in contact with those of another culture

Front 23

What is culture diffusion?

Back 23

the process by which a cultural element is transmitted across some distance from one group or individual to another

Front 24

What is cultural divergence?

Back 24

the restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences

Front 25

What are the main ideas reflected by governments?

Back 25

governments usually reflect beliefs about authority, independence, and human rights

Front 26

What are the main ideas reflected by economic systems?

Back 26

the use of resources and distribution of wealth

Front 27

What are the four characteristics that define a country?

Back 27

1. clearly defined territory
2. population
3. sovereignty
4. a goverment

Front 28

Define territory

Back 28

the land, water, and natural resources within its boundaries

Front 29

How does a county define its borders?

Back 29

Natural divisions

Front 30

How do populations in countries worldwide differ?

Back 30

the size and makeup of their populations

Front 31

Define sovereignty?

Back 31

a nations freedom from outside control

Front 32

Define government

Back 32

the institution which a society makes and enforces its public policies and provides for its common needs

Front 33

What are common needs provided by the government?

Back 33

Keeping order within society, protecting society from outside threats, and providing some services to its people

Front 34

What is a unitary system?

Back 34

When one central runs a nation

Front 35

What is federation?

Back 35

when some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments

Front 36

What is confederation?

Back 36

smallerpolitical units keep their sovereignty and give central government only very limited powers, typical in such fields as defense and foreign commerce

Front 37

What is an authoritarian government?

Back 37

when the leaders held all, or nearly all, political power

Front 38

What is dictatorship?

Back 38

when the power is concentrated in a small group or even a single person

Front 39

What is totalitarianism?

Back 39

the most extreme form of dictatorship. the government tries to control every part of society-politics, the economy, and peoples personal lives

Front 40

What is a monarchy?

Back 40

most common kind of government

Front 41

what is a democracy?

Back 41

any country in which the people choose their leaders and have the power to set government policy

Front 42

What are the three questions that should be answered by an economic system?

Back 42

what and how many good and services will be produced?
how will these products be produced?
how will the products and wealth gained from their sale be distributed?

Front 43

What is traditional economy?

Back 43

knows as the subsistence economies, little surplus is produces, there is relatively little need for markets where people can buy excess goods

Front 44

What is a market economy?

Back 44

an ecosystem that gives great freedom to individuals and groups, or free enterprise system

Front 45

what is a command economy?

Back 45

when an economic system is controlled by a single, central government

Front 46

name one example of a system that uses mixed economy

Back 46

Socialism