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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
differences in elevation or height of landforms
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relief
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north, south, east, and west are known as ________ __________
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cardinal directions
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The precise precision of a place on a globe
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absolute location
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shapes of physical features on the earth's surface
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topography
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a way of representing the round Earth on a flat surface
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map projection
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run from pole to pole (vertical); measure east and west of the Prime Meridian
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longitude
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where a place is in relation to other places
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relative location
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Why is location an important geographic theme?
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because you wouldn't know where anything is
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What is the Mercator Projection often used for?
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sailing
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to show change in two variables over a period of time
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line graphs
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What question does the geographic theme of place answer?
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What factor determines where to build a new community
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What do geographers use the subjects of history for?
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to help them understand what places looked like in the past
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Northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest are ___________ __________
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intermediate directions
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What do geographers use political science for?
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to help see how often people on different places are governed
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What map projection has the North or South Pole in the middle?
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Mercator
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What is the latitude for the Tropic of Cancer?
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23 1/2 N
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What is the latitude for the Tropic of Capricorn?
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23 1/2 S
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maps that show a single idea about an area
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special purpose
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the shortest distance between two places on earth
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great circle route
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Why are regions important to geographers?
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to help interpret Earth's complexity
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part of earth that supports life
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biosphere
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land surrounded by water on 3 sides
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peninsula
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earth's crust; land above and below the oceans
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lithosphere
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a narrow piece of land that connects two continents
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isthmus
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process that breaks rocks into pieces
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weathering
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group or chain of islands
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archipelago
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the natural features of the earth's surface
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landforms
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What is the deepest part of the ocean?
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Mariana Trench
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water dissolves some chemicals in rocks causing them to crumble
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chemical weathering
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Earth's rotation causes ___ and _____
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day and night
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oils, coal, natural gas
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fossil fuels
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Where does most of earth's groundwater come from?
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from rain and melted snow that settles through the soil
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wearing away of the Earth's surface
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erosion
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What affect do water currents have on nearby coastal lands?
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cool current cool the land they pass; warm currents have a warmer effect
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ranges from fairly hot to fairly cold; usually hot in the summer and cold in the winter
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temperate climate
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elevation above which it is too cold for trees to grow
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timberline
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the dry side of a mountain
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leeward side
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sun is directly over the Tropics of Cancer or Capricorn
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solstice
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What creates wind on the earth's surface
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temperatures create differences in the air pressure on earth's surface
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What two things are the main causes of smog?
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UV radiation, automobile exhaust
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The northeast and midwest US has ___ ________ climate
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low latitude
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frequently windless area near the equator caused by trade winds that cancel each other out
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doldrums
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when the sun's rays directly strike the equator
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equinox
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How are winds named?
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according to the direction they came from
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What determines the climate of highland zones
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it varies with elevation
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What side of the mountains do you find rain shadows?
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leeward side
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Russian word for forest
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taiga
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dry area on leeward side of the mountains
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rain shadow
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What direction do currents flow in the Southern Hemisphere?
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counterclockwise
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What has more extreme temperatures, coastal or interior lands?
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coastal
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What is a mixed forest?
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a forest with both evergreen and deciduous trees
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condition of atmosphere in one place during a short period of time
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weather
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weather patterns that an area typically experiences during a long period of time
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climate
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What 2 factors cause the earth;s changing seasons?
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Earth's revolution an tilt
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The continental divide in the US is located in the _______.
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rockies
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warm, dry wind that blows down the eastern side of the Rockies in the late winter and early spring
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chinook
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a hurricane in the pacific
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typhoon
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water sources where rivers begin
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headwaters
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What is the longest mountain chain in North America?
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Rocky Mountains
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What are two area of the US where tropical climates are found?
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southeast tip of Florida and Hawaii
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What do Canadians call the Great Plains?
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interior or high plains
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line that separates rivers that flow toward opposite ends of the continent
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continental divide
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What is the northernmost climate in North America?
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Ice cap
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What area makes up the Gulf Coastal Plain?
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extends from Florida to Texas
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How much of the US and Canada consist of timber reserves?
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1/3
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the oldest mountain range in North America
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Application Mountains
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What is the tallest mountain in North America and where is it located?
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Mt. McKinley, Alaska
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What is the hottest place in the US and what is it's elevation?
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Death Valley; 282ft. below sea level
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department of heads that forms a presidents group of special advisers
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cabinet
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_________ means two official languages
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bilingual
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Americans who wanted to stay loyal to Britain
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United Empower Loyalist
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Name 3 reasons why Europeans came to Canada and the US
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farmland, minerals, religious freedom
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What is the largest city in North America and how many people live there?
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New York City; 8.1 million people
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The first people to migrate to the US and Canada where from ____
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Asia
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a change to the constitution
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amendment
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cultivating the land so that it caught and held rain water
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dry farming
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What did the economic in the north-atlantic rely on?
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good harbors, timber, and fishing
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chain of closely linked metropolitan cities
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megalopolis
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government where people elect their own officials including head of state
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republic
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Canada is made up of _ province and _ territories
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10; 3
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a crop grown for profit
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cash crop
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What is the total population the the US and Canada and what are the most populated areas?
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340 million; US - 310 million, Canada - 30 million; Northeast, West Coast, Great Plains Region
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outlying communities near cities
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suburbs
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______ ______ is created with completing the Panama Canal?
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United States
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slope or long cliff between two surfaces of different heights
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Escarpment
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fertile plains and grasslands of Columbia and Venezuela
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llanos
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covering of treetops that keep the sun from reaching the rainforest floor
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canopy
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What makes up Middle America?
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Mexico and 7 other countries
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high plain
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Altiplano
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Name 4 Latin American cities that are among the world's most populated?
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Mexico City, San Paulo, Rio de Janero, Buenos Aires
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major native american language in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia
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quechua
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native american and european people
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mestizo
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Where was the Mayan empire mainly located?
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Mexico
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african and european people
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mulattoe
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_____ was the 1st Latin American country to gain independence from a European country
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Haiti
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What native american group settles in Mexico?
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Aztecs
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popular holiday celebrated just before Lent
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Carnival
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What was the greatest city of the Mayans?
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Tebal
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Mexico is the largest _______ ________ country in the world
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spanish speaking
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Where was the Inca Empire located?
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Peru
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What was the Aztec capital city?
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Tenochtitlan
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What Latin American country has the lowest population density?
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Suriname
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What native american group settled on the Yucatan Peninsula?
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Mayans
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spanish conquers who overpower the Antecs and the Incas and seized their wealth
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conquistadors
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sugarcane plantations
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fazenda
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Countries in Latin America refer soccer as ______.
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futbol
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What country in Latin America has the high population density
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Barbados
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rope with knotted cords of various lengths used to keep records and send messages
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quipu
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"strong men", usually military rulers who are supported by wealthy land owners
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caudillos
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