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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who started the revolution of the Mexicans against Spain and what class was he from?
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Father Hidalgo - Creole
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What classes fought against each other in the first Mexican revolution?
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Creoles and Peninsulares against Indians and Mestizos
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Who led the second Mexican revolution and what was his class?
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Fr. Morelos - Mestizo.
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Who led the third Mexican revolution and what was his class?
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Augustin de Iturbide - Creole.
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Why did the Creoles rebel from Spain?
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They wanted rights and land reform.
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Who claimed independence for Brazil and when?
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Prince Pedro - 1889.
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Why was Benito Juarez unique in Mexican history?
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He was an educated Indian who was once a slave, and became the only Indian president to be elected 4 times.
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Why did the Mexicans rebel again in 1910?
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Dictator denied rights
Land reform |
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Who was Pancho Villa and what did he do?
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Was a bandit, revolutionary
Attacked Tuscon (AZ), killed many people Assassinated |
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What valuable natural resource does Mexico have?
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Oil.
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What is NAFTA? How can it help the Mexican economy?
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North American Free Trade Agreement
Mexicans get jobs and $$$, ongoing production w/o tarrifs |
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Where did the first Native Americans come from, and why were they able to get to America?
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Came from Asia - came across Bering Strait.
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How did corn become food of the Americas?
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Teosinte plant - would chew in mountains - throw in garbage pile - seperate male and female parts combined to form tassel
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What was the first great civilisation of the Americans?
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Mayas - Yucatan Peninsula
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What type of writing did the Myans have?
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Heirohlyphic.
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What two major scientific achievements did the Myans make?
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Calendar
Concept of zero |
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What type of buildings did the Myans have?
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Pyramids.
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What civilisation replaced the Myans?
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Azteks.
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Where were the Azteks located?
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Mexico City area.
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What was the capital of the Azteks called and where was it?
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Tenochtitlan
Modern Mexico City |
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What did the Azteks do to their enemies?
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Sacrificed to sun gods - cut out hearts while still alive.
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What did the Azteks' legendary god tell them to do?
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A white god would come - would tell them to stop human sacrifice
Quetzalcootle. |
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Who led the Spanish into the Aztek kingdom?
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Cortez.
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Why did the Azteks fear Cortez?
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Thought he was white god returning - thought they were going to be punished for human sacrifice.
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Who was the Azteks' king and what happened to him?
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Montezuma - killed by his own people - gave all gold to Cortez
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What civilisation existed in Peru?
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Incas
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What were the main foods of the Incas?
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POTAOTES, beans, squash
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Who was the king of the Incas?
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Atahualpa
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Which Spanish explorer destroyed the Incas and why?
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Pizzaro - For gold - killed King
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When did the first Americans get to America?
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50,000 y/ago
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When did Americans begin farming?
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8000 yrs ago
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When did the Mayans exist?
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Approx. 1500 BC
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When did the Mayans dissapear?
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800 AD
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What treaty divided the new world that was sanctioned by the pope?
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Where did the line of demarcation that divided the "new world" go through? What was the result of it?
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Brazil - Brazilians speak Portugese, rest of S.A. speaks Spanish.
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How could the Spanish rule be described?
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Cruel and harsh.
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What was the Encomienda System?
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Forced labour for Indians - many wiped out.
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Who was Bartolome de las Casas?
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Stopped Indian labour - replaced with slavery of blacks.
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Who were the Peninsulares?
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Spaniards born in US - wealthy government rulers.
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Who were the Creoles? Who did they resent?
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American-born wealthymen - resented Peninsulares.
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Who were the Mestizos?
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Mixed Indians - European - farmers and shop keepers - in charge of mines
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What did the church do?
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Rich and powerful - taxed indians and others - built hospitals, schools, universities
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What is a Hacienda?
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A self-sufficient ranch or farm
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What is a Maroon?
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A colony of escaped slaves.
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Who was Touissant L'Overture?
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Black slave - rebelled against France - because of rebellion, LA territory was given to USA.
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Who was Simon Bolivar?
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A Venezualan creole - gained independence for Colombia and Venezuela in 1819.
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Who was Jose de San Martin?
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Creole - Independence for Argentina.
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Who was Bernardo O'Higgins?
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Joined San Martin to gain independence for Chile.
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What did San Martin and Bolivar do together?
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Freed Ecuador and Peru.
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How was Fr. Hidalgo executed?
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Firing squad.
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Who was the Mexican dicator?
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Profirio Diaz
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Who raided America?
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Pancho Villa
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When did democracy return to Mexico?
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1917.
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What are some problems in Mexico?
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Land (Ejidos) is community owned
Oil peaked in 80s, took out many loans, went bust, now lots of debt |