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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Roman form of government in which voters elected officials to run the state
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Republic
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The Sea along Italy provided:
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a.)protection
b.)route for trade c.) route to conquer others |
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a.)provided limited protection from invasions
b.)blocked cold winds to provide a moderate climate |
Alps
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Apennine Mountains run...
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the lenghth of Italy
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provided water for the rich farmlands of the north
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Po, Arno,and Rubicon Rivers
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Tiber River provided....
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food and transportation route
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Most people liked the west because...
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a.)land was fertile
b.)good harbors and long rivers provided trade routes and fertile lands to farm |
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Rome's natural advantages:
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a. located in a fertile coastal plain
b.) built on 7 hills overlooking the Tiber River |
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Some other of Rome's natural advantages.....
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c. gave Romans the ability to see enemies before they arrived in the city
d. located inland, so it was not exposed to raids by sea |
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peoples of Italy
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Latins
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Latins were...
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a.) farmers and herders
b.) founded Rome c.) adopted the ideas from Greeks and Phoenicians who had colonized Sicily and Italy |
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a. migrated from Asia minor
b. ruled Rome from 600 B.C. to 500 B.C. |
Etruscans
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Etruscan contributions:...
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a.) alphabet
b.) worshipped Etruscan gods c.) adopted Etruscan styles of art d.) adopted building techniques including the arch |
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509 B.C.- Romans overthrew the __________ king and formed a __________
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Etruscan
republic |
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Roman republic lasted for ____ years
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500
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All _________ with the right to ________ chose leaders
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citizens
vote |
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Roman republic grew from a small city-state into a
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world power
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wealthy landowners
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Patricians
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Plebians were common people, including...
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a.) farmers
b.) artisans c.) merchants d.) traders |
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POWS or plebians in debt slavery
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Slaves
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Early Government: 3 Groups Govern:
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a.)Senate
b.)magistrates c.)popular assemblies |
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consuls adminisitered the laws and served one year terms, 2 were appointed
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Magistrates
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Magistrates had (a.) power to ________ over each other
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veto
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appointed by Senate if consuls could agree. Could only hold office for 6 (six) months
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disctator
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helped consuls by commanding armies and overseeing the legal system
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praetors
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registered citizens and suggested candidates for election to the Senate
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censors
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Plebians elected to serve in the ________ __________, and had little power
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popular assembly
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Roman army required all citizens who _____ _____ to serve in the army
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owned land
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True / False--- Roman army was highly disciplined
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True!!
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Roman army was divided into legions of __________ _______
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6,000 soldiers
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Governmental changes: True/False: Senate remains the same
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True!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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replaced popular assembly; elected ten (10) ________ to speak for the plebians
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Assembly of Tribes
tribunes |
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Assembly of Centuries was composed of.....
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a.) composed of Roman army soldiers, patritcians, and plebians
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This assembly passed laws, and elected censors
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Assembly of Centuries
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This clearly listed laws and punishments in 451 B.C.
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Clearly listed laws and punishments
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True/False 450-250 B.C.- Plebians gained more rights
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True!
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Plebians' rights:
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a. marriage between patricians and plebians
b. tribunes won the right to veto government action that threatens the rights of plebians c. Assembly of Tribes gained right to pass laws d. Plebians were allowed to hold office, including consul e. Plebians could join Senate |
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In Roman family life, extended ______ was normal
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family
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A. absolue head of family
B. Could sell kids into slavery C. Could abandon an unwanted kid |
Father
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Education included _____ tutors, _____ supervised children's education, boys and _____ were educated
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Greek
Fathers Girls |
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Children were taught...
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a.values
b. history c.reading d.writing e.public speaking |
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Women could own _________, make their own ______, supervised ________ and __________, were not sequestered, were alloweed to join in __________, shared in family __________
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property
make own wills children and slaves public festivals family decision |
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Roman religion....
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a. polytheistic
b. had household shrines c. engaged in public religious festivals d. Adopted other cultures' religious beliefs and gods |
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Jupiter =
Venus= |
Zeus
Aphrodite |
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Expansion of Rome: _____ and ________ fought three wars over control of the western __________ sea.
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Rome
Carthage Mediterranean |
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Cause: control of Sicily
Sea power vs. land power |
The First Punic War
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Effect: Rome wins, gaining Sicily, __________, and ________
Rome gains first overseas province Rome becomes a natural power |
The First Punic War
Sardinia Corsica |
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Cause: revenge
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The Second Punic War
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Cause: Hannibal left for Italy with 40,000 foot soldiers
8,000 horsemen 37 elephants to carry heavy equipment Roamed across Italy destroying towns Returned to Carthage and was defeated at Battle of Zama |
The Second Punic War
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Effect: Carthage was forced to pay heavy fine and give Spain to Rome
Carthage promised not to wage war without Rome's consent |
The Second Punic War
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Cause: Carthage was charged with a technical breach of treaty because they resisted encroachment of Nubian king, Masinissa who was a Roman ally
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The Third Punic War
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During the Third Punic War, Rome also conquered
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Greece
Southern Gaul Macedonia |
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Effect; Rome destroyed Carthage and the territory around it was annexed and called it the province of Africa
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The Third Punic War
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Conquered lands were organized into:
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Provinces
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Allowed conquered peoples to retain....
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customs
religions governments |
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________ were given to Rome by conquered peoples, this drove down the $ of _________, ______ farmers were unable to compete
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Tributes
grain Small |
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Problems with 3rd Punic War Conquered System:
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a. poor people were unable to feed themselves
b. no social programs in place to assist them |
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plebian reformers
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Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
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Gracchi Proposed Solutions
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1. redistribute land to the poor
2. limit the size of estates 3. government sponsered resettlment of unemployed farmers in the provinces |
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True/ False- Senate's opposed reforms
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True
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Wealthy _________ murdered the Gracchi, resulting in _____ ___________
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nobles
civil war |