World Cultures Chapter 4

Front 1

tributary

Back 1

A smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river

Front 2

headwaters

Back 2

first and smallest streams from run-off

Front 3

desailnation

Back 3

removes salt from ocean water

Front 4

groundwater

Back 4

water that is found below ground

Front 5

Estuary

Back 5

river meets an inlet

Front 6

Estuary

Back 6

seawater and freshwater mix

Front 7

watershed

Back 7

drainage basin

Front 8

less than 3%

Back 8

percentage of the world's water is fresh

Front 9

erode land

Destroy vegetation

Back 9

How do floods affect the environment?

Front 10

Marshes

Swamps

River bottoms

Back 10

examples of wetlands include

Front 11

97%

Back 11

What percentage of the world's water is in oceans?

Front 12

Erosion

Back 12

movement of surface material from one location to another, caused by wind, water, and ice

Front 13

Desalination

Back 13

process that removes salt from ocean water

Front 14

Sediment

Back 14

small gravel, sand, and mud pieces

Front 15

weathering

Back 15

breaking down of rocks caused by physical processes that break into smaller pieces

Front 16

places where rocks have been compressed into bends

Back 16

Folds

Front 17

Faults

Back 17

places where rock masses have broken apart and moved away from each other

Front 18

Trench

Back 18

deep valley formed at plate collision

Front 19

subduction

Back 19

one plate slides under the other plate

Front 20

continental shelf

Back 20

continental surface extends around continents

Front 21

Abyssal plains

Back 21

worlds flattest and smoothest regions

Front 22

Rift Valley

Back 22

spreading plates under continents cause crust to break forming rift vallies

Front 23

ocean ridge

Back 23

formed by lava pushing through the cracks on the ocean floor

Front 24

Pangaea

Back 24

supercontinent broke into 7 continents

Front 25

continental drift

Back 25

process of moving plates

Front 26

plate tectonics theory

Back 26

Earth is divided into slow moving plates

Front 27

Magma

Back 27

liquid rock within Earth, called lava on the surface

Front 28

Mantle

Back 28

zone that has most of the Earth's mass

Front 29

core

Back 29

Earth's center, temperature and pressure is high

Front 30

geology

Back 30

study of Earth's physical structures and the processes that create them

Front 31

water erosion

Back 31

washes away land, beaches, makes channels and gullies

Front 32

Dune

Back 32

hill of wind deposited sand

Front 33

glaciers

Back 33

thick masses of ice

Front 34

alluvial fan

Back 34

fan shaped deposit of mud and gravel-found along bases of mountains

Front 35

delta

Back 35

sediment at mouth of river

Front 36

wetlands

Back 36

any landscape that is covered with water for at least part of the year

Front 37

resource

Back 37

any physical material that makes up part of the Earth and that people need and value

Front 38

renewable

Back 38

those nature continuously replenished (soil)

Front 39

humus

Back 39

plant and animal material

Front 40

leaching

Back 40

downard movement of minerals and humus in soil

Front 41

contour plowing

Back 41

across the hill instead of up and down

Front 42

soil exhaustion

Back 42

soil loses all nutrients and becomes nearly useless for farming

Front 43

irrigation

Back 43

water artificially supplied to land

Front 44

geothermal power

Back 44

energy from heat from the earth's interior

Front 45

petrochemicals

Back 45

from oil, used to make medicines, plastics, etc.

Front 46

uranium

Back 46

radioactive, nuclear power plants

Front 47

fossil fuels

Back 47

coal, natural gas, petro

Front 48

ore

Back 48

mineral bearing rock

Front 49

fossil water

Back 49

deposited long ago when climate was wetter

Front 50

aquifers

Back 50

rock layers where groundwater is plentiful

Front 51

aqueduct

Back 51

artificial channels for transporting water