World Cultures Chapter 27

Front 1

Imperialism

Back 1

Foreign occupation of a land with the intent to exploit its resources for economic and political purposes.

Front 2

When did European imperialism/colonialism begin?

Back 2

In the 1800s and lasted to the 1950s.

Front 3

Reasons for European imperialsim

Back 3

1. The desire for raw materials (industry)
2. New markets
3. Control strategic waterways (Suez canal, strait of Hormuz)
4. Nation-building: prestige and power, European nations competed with one another for foreign colonies

Front 4

Nationalism

Back 4

Pride and loyalty for one's nation

Front 5

Ottoman Empire

Back 5

1300-1919 Turks from Central Asia reigned supreme until European imperialism and growing nationalism posed major challenges to the empire. Europeans called the empire the "sick man of Europe"

Front 6

Zionism

Back 6

Movement that called for European Jews to establish a homeland in Palestine

Front 7

Balfour declaration

Back 7

British document that called for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Front 8

Anti-semitism

Back 8

Hatred or fear of Jews

Front 9

Pan Arabism

Back 9

1950 - attempt to unite all Arabs based upon their common language and culture. The Arab league failed because of the following reasons: nationalism, ethnic divisions, religious divisions, and economic gap between rich oil nations and poor nations

Front 10

OPEC

Back 10

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Formed in 1960, OPEC Nations control a majority of the world's crude oil

Front 11

Shariah law

Back 11

Sacred laws of Islam. Governs all aspects of Muslim life. Sets rules for political and social behavior. Some examples of outlawed behavior: consuming alcohol, listening to pop music, and infidelity. Only practiced in Saudi Arabia and Iran, but is growing in popularity with radical Islamic fundamentalists.

Front 12

Islamic fundamentalism

Back 12

Movement demanding a return to the Islamic values of the Koran. Originally Islamic fundamentalism called for a rejection of western culture (clothing, movies, food, women's liberation). In Iran, an Islamic Revolution brought fundamentalism to power and created the middle east's only theocracy.

Front 13

Theocracy

Back 13

A government in which religious leaders rule

Front 14

Iranian revolution of 1979

Back 14

Shah Reza Pahlevi advocated western culture during his reign. Economic variance (rich and poor), government corruption over a fifty four year span caused civil unrest. Islamic Revolution forced the shah to flee. Ayatollah Khomeini became the new head of state. All western elements within Iran outlawed.

Front 15

Jihad

Back 15

Holy war. The jihad warrior who dies in the name of Allah goes to heaven. This belief system (ideology) has spawned radical Islamic fundamentalists (terrorists) whine are willing to kill others and themselves I order to achieve their goals.

Front 16

Radical Islamic fundamentalism

Back 16

Desire of the destruction of all non-Muslims