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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
major culture changes that occur as a result of prolonged contact between societies
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acculturation
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the systematic study of human beings, past and present, and their cultures
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anthropology
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the study of material objects, from the past, to describe and explain human behavior
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archaeology
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the branch of anthropology that focuses on the patterns of life in a society
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cultural anthropology
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behaviors common to all cultures, such as marriage, education, and communication
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cultural universals
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all the learned behavior of a group
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culture
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the spread of traits from one culture to another culture
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diffusion
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the process by which a society's culture is transmitted from one generation to the next. Also called trans-generational learning.
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Enculturation
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the rule that marriage must be within a particular group or category of individuals
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endogamy
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refers to the race, language, customs, and religion of a particular social group in a country
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ethnic group
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the belief that one's own culture is superior to all other cultures
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ethnocentrism
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the rule that marriage must be outside of the group
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exogamy
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a group of related families that live together
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extended family
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persons of many different ethnic, racial, religious, or social backgrounds
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heterogeneous population
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persons who have the same, or similar ethnic, racial, religious or social backgrounds
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homogeneous population
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the "invention" or development of a new trait
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innovation
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the scientific study of all aspects of language
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linguistics
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a common form of marriage which involves the union of one man and one woman
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monogamy
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a punishment that is imposed by a group for behavior that violates its norms
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negative sanction
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patterns of behavior, such as customs and laws, which are obeyed by the majority of the members of a society
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norms
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a mother, a father, and dependent children
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nuclear family
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the systematic study of humans as biological organisms
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physical anthropology
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the marriage custom of a woman having several husbands at the same time
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polyandry
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a marriage in which an individual has more than one spouse at the same time
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polygamy
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the marriage custom of a man having several wives at the same time
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polygyny
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a reward that is given by a group for behavior that conforms to its norms
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positive sanction
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a deliberate attempt by some members of a society to construct a more satisfactory culture
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revitalization movements
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an established form of procedure, particulary in religious ceremonies
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ritual
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behavior which is learned and involves certain rights and duties associated with a position (status)
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role
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a sparsley populated area
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rural
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the division of society into two or more groups ranked from high to low
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stratification
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an individual's position in a society based on prestige
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status
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a culture or subgroup within a larger culture which has distinct and unique characteristics, life-styles, practices and beliefs, yet basically follows the norms of the larger group
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subculture
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a forbidden behavior which is repulsive and unacceptable to a group
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taboo
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a distinct difference between one culture and another
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trait
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a densely populated area
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urban
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things important to a group
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values
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