Word Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes, And Combining Forms

Front 1

a-, an-

Back 1

absence or lack; acardia, lack of a heart, anaerobic, in the absence of oxygen

Front 2

ab-

Back 2

departing from, away from; abnormal, departing from normal

Front 3

acou-

Back 3

hearing; acoustics, the science of sound

Front 4

ac-, acro-

Back 4

extreme or extremity, peak; acrodermatitis, inflammation of the skin of the extremities

Front 5

ad-

Back 5

to or toward; adorbital, toward the orbit

Front 6

aden-, adeno-

Back 6

gland; adeniform, resembling a gland in shape

Front 7

aero-

Back 7

air; aerobic respiration, oxygen-requiring metabolism

Front 8

af-

Back 8

toward; afferent neurons, which carry impulses to the centeral nervous system

Front 9

agon-

Back 9

contest; agonistic and antagonistic muscles, which oppose each other

Front 10

alb-

Back 10

white; corpus albicans of the ovary, a white scar tissue

Front 11

aliment-

Back 11

nourish; alimentary canal, or digestive tract

Front 12

allel-

Back 12

of one another; alleles, alternative expressions of a gene

Front 13

amphi-

Back 13

on both sides, of bith kinds; amphibian, an organism capable of living in water and on land

Front 14

ana-

Back 14

apart, up, again; anaphase of mitosis, when the chromosomes separate

Front 15

anastomos-

Back 15

come together; arteriovenous anastomosis, a connection between an artery and a vein

Front 16

aneurysm

Back 16

a widening; aortic aneurysm, a weak spot that causes enlargement of the blood vessel

Front 17

angi-

Back 17

vessel; angiitis, inflammation of a lymph vessel or blood vessel

Front 18

angin-

Back 18

choked; angina pectoris, a choked feeling in the chest due to dysfunction of the heart

Front 19

ant-, anti-

Back 19

opposed to, preventing or inhibiting; anticoagulant, a substance that prevents blood coagulation

Front 20

ante-

Back 20

preceding, before; antecubital, in front of the elbow

Front 21

aort-

Back 21

great artery; aorta

Front 22

ap-, api-

Back 22

tip, extremity; apex of the heart

Front 23

append-

Back 23

hang to; appendicular skeleton

Front 24

aqua-, aque-

Back 24

water; aqueous solutions

Front 25

arbor

Back 25

tree; arbor vitae of the cerebellum, the treelike pattern of white matter

Front 26

areola-

Back 26

open space; areolar connective tissue, a loose connective tissue

Front 27

arrect-

Back 27

upright; arrector pili muscles of the skin, which make the hairs stand erect

Front 28

arthr-, arthro-

Back 28

joint; arthropathy, any joint disease

Front 29

artic-

Back 29

joint; articular surfaces of bones, the points of connection

Front 30

atri-

Back 30

vestibule; atria, upper chambers of the heart

Front 31

auscult-

Back 31

listen; auscultatory method for measuring blood pressure

Front 32

aut-, auto-

Back 32

self; autogenous, self-generated

Front 33

ax-, axi-, axo-

Back 33

axis, asle; axial skeleton, axis of vertebral column

Front 34

azyg-

Back 34

unpaired; azygous vein, an unpaired vessel

Front 35

baro-

Back 35

pressure; baroreceptors for monitoring blood pressure

Front 36

basal

Back 36

base; basal lamina of epithelial basement membrane

Front 37

bi-

Back 37

two; bicuspid, having two cusps

Front 38

bili-

Back 38

bile; bilirubin, a bile pigment

Front 39

bio-

Back 39

life; biology, the study of life and living organisms

Front 40

blast-

Back 40

bud or germ; blastocyte, undifferentiated embryonic cell

Front 41

brady-

Back 41

slow; bradycardia, abnormally slow heart rate

Front 42

brev-

Back 42

short; peroneus brevis, a short leg muscle

Front 43

broncho-

Back 43

bronchus; brochospasm, spasmodic contraction of bronchial muscle

Front 44

bucco-

Back 44

cheek; buccalabial, pertaining to the cheek and lip

Front 45

calor-

Back 45

heat; calories, a mesure of energy

Front 46

capill-

Back 46

hair; blood and lymph capillaries

Front 47

caput-

Back 47

head; decapitate, remove the head

Front 48

carcin-

Back 48

cancer; carcinogen, a cacer-causing agent

Front 49

cardi-, cardio-

Back 49

heart; cardiotoxic, harmful to the heart

Front 50

carneo-

Back 50

flesh; trabeculae carneae, ridges of muscle in the ventricles of the heart

Front 51

carot-

Back 51

(1) carrot, (2) stupor; (1) carotene, an orange pigment, (2) carotid arteries in the neck, blockage causes fainting

Front 52

cata-

Back 52

down; catabolism, chemical breakdown

Front 53

caud-

Back 53

tail; caudal (directional term)

Front 54

cec-

Back 54

blind; cecum of large intestine, a blind-ended pouch

Front 55

cele-

Back 55

abdominal; celiac artery, in the abdomen

Front 56

cephal-

Back 56

head; cephalometer, an instrument for measuring the head

Front 57

cerebro-

Back 57

brain, especially the cerebrum; cerebrospinal, pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

Front 58

cervic-, cervix

Back 58

neck; cervis of the uterus

Front 59

chiasm-

Back 59

crossing; optic chiasma, where optic nerves cross

Front 60

chole-

Back 60

bile; cholesterol, cholecystokinin, a bile-secreting hormone

Front 61

chondr-

Back 61

cartilage; chondrogenic, giving rise to cartilage

Front 62

chrom-

Back 62

colored; chromosome, so named because they stain darkly

Front 63

cili-

Back 63

small hair; ciliated epithelium

Front 64

circum-

Back 64

around; circumnuclear, surrounding the nucleus

Front 65

clavic-

Back 65

key; clavicle, a "skeleton key"

Front 66

co-, con-

Back 66

together; concentric, common center, together in the center

Front 67

coccy-

Back 67

cuckoo; coccyx, which is beak-shaped

Front 68

cochlea

Back 68

snail shell; the cochlea of the inner ear, which is colied like a snail shell

Front 69

coel-

Back 69

hollow; coelom, the ventral body cavity

Front 70

commis-

Back 70

united; gray commissure of the spinal cord connects the two columns of gray matter

Front 71

concha

Back 71

shell; nasal conchae, coiled shelves of bone in the nasal cavity

Front 72

contra-

Back 72

against; contraceptive, agent preventing conception

Front 73

corn-, cornu-

Back 73

horn; stratum corneum, outer layer of the skin composed of (horny) cells

Front 74

corona

Back 74

crown; coronal suture of the skull

Front 75

corp-

Back 75

body; corpse, corpus luteum, hormone-secreting body in the ovary

Front 76

cort-

Back 76

bark; cortex, the outer layer of the brain, kidney, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes

Front 77

cost-

Back 77

rib; intercostal, between the ribs

Front 78

crani-

Back 78

skull; craniotomy, a skull operation

Front 79

crypt-

Back 79

hidden; cryptomenorrhea, a condition in which menstrual symptoms are experienced but no external loss of blood occurs

Front 80

cusp-

Back 80

pointed; bicuspid, tricuspid valves of the heart

Front 81

cutic-

Back 81

skin; cuticle of the nail

Front 82

cyan-

Back 82

blue; cyanosis, blue color of the skin due to lack of oxygen

Front 83

cyst-

Back 83

sac bladder; cystitis, inflammation of the urinary bladder

Front 84

cyt-

Back 84

cell; cytology, the study of cells

Front 85

de-

Back 85

undoing, rversal, loss, removal; deactivation, becoming inactiv

Front 86

decid-

Back 86

falling off; deciduous (milk) teeth

Front 87

delta

Back 87

triangular; deltoid muscle, roughly triangular in shape

Front 88

den-, dent-

Back 88

tooth; dentin of the tooth

Front 89

dendr-

Back 89

tree, branch; dendrites, telodendria, both branches of a neuron

Front 90

derm-

Back 90

skin; dermis, deep layer of the skin

Front 91

desm-

Back 91

bond; desmosome, which binds adjacent epithelial cells

Front 92

di-

Back 92

twice, double; dimorphism, having two forms

Front 93

dia-

Back 93

through, between; diaphragm, the wall through or between two areas

Front 94

dialys-

Back 94

separate, break apart; kidney dialysis, in which waste products are removed from the blood

Front 95

diastol-

Back 95

stand apart; cardiac diastole, between successive contractions of the heart

Front 96

diure-

Back 96

urinate; diuretic, a drug that increases urine output

Front 97

dors-

Back 97

the back; dorsal, dorsum, dorsiflexion

Front 98

duc-, duct

Back 98

lead, draw; ductus deferens which carries sperm from the epididymis into the urethra during ejaculation

Front 99

dura

Back 99

hard; dura mater, tough outer meninx

Front 100

dys-

Back 100

difficult, faulty, painful; dyspepsia, disturbed digestion

Front 101

ec-, ex-, ecto-

Back 101

out, outside, away from; excrete, to remove materials from the body

Front 102

ectop-

Back 102

displaced; ectopic pregnancy, ectopic focus for initiation of hear contraction

Front 103

edem-

Back 103

swelling' edema, accumulation of water in body tissues

Front 104

ef-

Back 104

away; efferent nerve fibers, which carry impules away from the cnetral nervous system

Front 105

ejac-

Back 105

to shoot forth; ejaculation of semen

Front 106

embol-

Back 106

wedge; embolus, an obstructive object traveling in the bloodstream

Front 107

en-, em-

Back 107

in, inside; encysted,enclosed in a cyst or capsule

Front 108

enceph-

Back 108

brain; encephalitis, inflammation of the brin

Front 109

endo-

Back 109

within, inner; endocytosis, taking particles into a cell

Front 110

entero-

Back 110

intestine; enterologist, on who specializes in the study of intestinal disorders

Front 111

epi-

Back 111

over,above; epidermis, outer layer of skin

Front 112

erythr-

Back 112

red; erythema, redness of the skin, erythrocyte, red blood cell

Front 113

eso-

Back 113

within; esophagus

Front 114

eu-

Back 114

well; euesthesia, a normal state of the senses

Front 115

excret-

Back 115

separate; excretory system

Front 116

exo-

Back 116

outside, outer layer; exophthalmos, an abnormal protrusion of the eye from the orbit

Front 117

extra-

Back 117

outside, beyond; extracellular, outside the body cells of an organism

Front 118

extrins-

Back 118

from the outside; extrinsic regulation of the heart

Front 119

fasci-, fascia-

Back 119

bundle, band; superficial and deep fascia

Front 120

fenestr-

Back 120

window; fenestrated capillaries

Front 121

ferr-

Back 121

iron; transferring, ferritin, both iron-storage proteins

Front 122

flagell-

Back 122

whip; flagellum, the tail of a sperm cell

Front 123

flat-

Back 123

blow, blown; flatulence

Front 124

folli-

Back 124

bag, bellows; hair follicle

Front 125

fontan-

Back 125

fountain; fontanelles of the fetal skull

Front 126

foram-

Back 126

opening; foramen magnum of the skull

Front 127

foss-

Back 127

ditch; fossa ovalis of the heart, mandibular fossa of the skull

Front 128

gam-, gamet-

Back 128

married, spouse; gametes, the sex cells

Front 129

gangli-

Back 129

swelling, or knot; dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves

Front 130

gastr-

Back 130

stomach; gastrin, a hormone tha influences gastric acid secretion

Front 131

gene

Back 131

beginning, origin; genetics

Front 132

germin-

Back 132

grow; germinal epithelium of the gonads

Front 133

gero-, geront-

Back 133

old man; gerontology, the study of agin

Front 134

gest-

Back 134

carried; gestation, the period from conception to birth

Front 135

glauc-

Back 135

gray; glaucoma, which cuses gradual blindness

Front 136

glom-

Back 136

ball; glomeruli, clusters of apillaries in the kidneys

Front 137

glosso-

Back 137

tongue; glossopathy, any disease of the tongue

Front 138

gluco-, glyco-

Back 138

gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules

Front 139

glute-

Back 139

butock; gluteus maximus, largest muscle of the buttock

Front 140

gnost-

Back 140

knowing; the gnostic sense, a sense of awareness of self

Front 141

gompho-

Back 141

nail; gomphosis, the term applied to the joint between tooth and jaw

Front 142

gon-, gono-

Back 142

seed, offsprig; gonads, the sex organs

Front 143

gust-

Back 143

taste; gustatory sense, the sense of taste

Front 144

hapt-

Back 144

fasten, grasp; hapten, a partial antigen

Front 145

hema-, hemato-, hemo-

Back 145

blood, hematocyst, a cyst containing blodd

Front 146

hemi-

Back 146

half; hemiglossal, pertaining to one-half of the tongue

Front 147

hepat-

Back 147

liver; hepatitis, inflammation of the liver

Front 148

hetero-

Back 148

different or other; heterosxuality, sexual desir for a person of the opposite sex

Front 149

hiat-

Back 149

gap; the hiatus of the diaphragm, the opening through which the esophagus passes

Front 150

hippo-

Back 150

horse; hippocampus of the brain, shaped like a seahorse

Front 151

hirsut-

Back 151

hairy; hirsutism, excessive body hair

Front 152

hist-

Back 152

tissue; histology, the study of tissues

Front 153

hom-, homo-

Back 153

same; homeoplasia, formation of tissue similar to normall tissue; homecentric, having the same center

Front 154

hormon-

Back 154

to excite; hormones

Front 155

humor-

Back 155

a fluid; humoral immunity, which involves antibodies circulating in the blood

Front 156

hyal-

Back 156

clear; hyaline catilage, which has no visble fibers

Front 157

hydr, hydro-

Back 157

water; dehydration, loss of body water

Front 158

hyper-

Back 158

excess, hypertension, excessive tension

Front 159

hypno-

Back 159

sleep; hypnosis, a sleeplike state

Front 160

hypo-

Back 160

below, deficient; hypodermic, beneath the skin, hypokalemia, deficiency of potassium

Front 161

hyster-, hystero-

Back 161

uterus or womb; hysterectomy, removal of the uterus, hysterodynia, pain in the womb

Front 162

ile-

Back 162

intestine; ileum, the last portion of the small intestine

Front 163

im-

Back 163

not; impermable, not permitting passage, not permeable

Front 164

inter-

Back 164

between; intercellular, between the cells

Front 165

intercal-

Back 165

isert; intercalated disc, the end membranes between adjacent cardiac muscle cells

Front 166

intra-

Back 166

within, inside; intracellular, inside the cell

Front 167

iso-

Back 167

equal, same; isothermal, equal, or same, temperature

Front 168

jugul-

Back 168

throat; jugular veins, prominent vessels in the neck

Front 169

juxta-

Back 169

near, close to; juxtaglomerular apparatus, a cell cluster next to a glomerulus in the kidneys

Front 170

karyo-

Back 170

kernel, nucleus; karyotype, the assemblage o the nuclear chromosomes

Front 171

kera-

Back 171

horn; keratin, the water-repellent protein of the skin

Front 172

kilo-

Back 172

thousand; kilocalories, equal to 1000 calories

Front 173

kin-, kines-

Back 173

move; kinetic energy,the energy of motion

Front 174

labi-, labri-

Back 174

lip; labial fernulum, the membrane which joins the lip to the gum

Front 175

lact-

Back 175

milk; lactose, milk sugar

Front 176

lacun-

Back 176

space, cavity, lake; lacunae, the spaces occupied by cells of cartilage and bone tissue

Front 177

lamell-

Back 177

small plate; concentric lamellae, rings of bone matrix in compact bone

Front 178

lamina

Back 178

layer, sheet; basal lamina, part of the epithelial basement membrane

Front 179

lat-

Back 179

wide; latissimus dorsi, a broad muscle of the back

Front 180

laten-

Back 180

hidden; latent period of a muscle twitch

Front 181

later-

Back 181

side; lateral (directional term)

Front 182

leuko-

Back 182

white; leukocyte, white blood cell

Front 183

leva-

Back 183

raise, elevate; levator labii superioris, muscle thatelvates upper lip

Front 184

lingua-

Back 184

tongue; lingual tonsil, adjacent to the tongue

Front 185

lip-, lipo-

Back 185

fat, lipid; lipohage, a cell that has taken up fat in its cytoplasm

Front 186

lith-

Back 186

stone; cholelithiasis, gallstones

Front 187

luci-

Back 187

clear; stratum lucidum, clear layer of the epidermis

Front 188

lumen

Back 188

light; lumen, center of a hollow structure

Front 189

lut-

Back 189

yellow; corpus luteum, a yellow hormone-secreting structure in the ovary

Front 190

lymph

Back 190

water; lymphatc circulation, return of clear fluid to the bloodstream

Front 191

macro-

Back 191

large; macromolecule, large molecule

Front 192

macula

Back 192

spot; macula lutea, yellow spot on the retina

Front 193

magn-

Back 193

large; foramen magnm, largest opening of the skull

Front 194

lingua-

Back 194

tongue; lingual tonsil, adjacent to the tongue

Front 195

lip-, lipo-

Back 195

fat, lipid; lipohage, a cell that has taken up fat in its cytoplasm

Front 196

lith-

Back 196

stone; cholelithiasis, gallstones

Front 197

luci-

Back 197

clear; stratum lucidum, clear layer of the epidermis

Front 198

lumen

Back 198

light; lumen, center of a hollow structure

Front 199

lut-

Back 199

yellow; corpus luteum, a yellow hormone-secreting structure in the ovary

Front 200

lymph

Back 200

water; lymphatc circulation, return of clear fluid to the bloodstream

Front 201

macro-

Back 201

large; macromolecule, large molecule

Front 202

macula

Back 202

spot; macula lutea, yellow spot on the retina

Front 203

mgn-

Back 203

large; foramen magnm, largest opening of the skull

Front 204

mal-

Back 204

bad, abnormal; malfunction, abnormal functioning of an organ

Front 205

mamm-

Back 205

breast; mammary gland, breast

Front 206

mast-

Back 206

breast; mastectomy, removal of a mammary gland

Front 207

mater

Back 207

mother; dura mater, pia mater, membranes that envelop the brain

Front 208

meat-

Back 208

passage; external acoustic meatus, the ear canal

Front 209

medi-

Back 209

middle; medical (directional term)

Front 210

medull-

Back 210

marrow; medulla, the middle portion of the kidney, adrenal gland, and lymph node

Front 211

mega-

Back 211

large; megakaryocyte, large precursor cell of platelets

Front 212

meio-

Back 212

less; meiosis, nuclear division that halves the chromosome number

Front 213

melan-

Back 213

black; melanocytes, which secrete the black pigment melanin

Front 214

men-, menstru-

Back 214

month; menses, the cyclic menstrual flow

Front 215

meningo-

Back 215

membrane; meningitis, inflammation of the membranes of the brain

Front 216

mer-, mero-

Back 216

a part; merocrine glands, the secretions of which do not include the cell

Front 217

meso-

Back 217

middle, mesoderm, middle germ layer

Front 218

meta-

Back 218

beyond, between, transition; metatarsus, the part of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges

Front 219

metro-

Back 219

uterus; endometrium, the lining of theuterus

Front 220

micro-

Back 220

small; microscope, an instrument used to make mall objects apear larger

Front 221

mictur;

Back 221

urinate; micturition, the act of voiding the bladder

Front 222

mito-

Back 222

thread, filament; mitochondria, small, filament-like structures located in cells

Front 223

mnem-

Back 223

memory; amnesia

Front 224

mono-

Back 224

single; monospasm, spasm of a single limb

Front 225

morpho-

Back 225

form; morphology, the study of form and structure of organisms

Front 226

multi-

Back 226

many; multinuclear, having several nuclei

Front 227

mur-

Back 227

wall; intramural ganglion, a nerve junctionwithin an organ

Front 228

muta-

Back 228

change; mutation, change in the base sequence of DNA

Front 229

myelo-

Back 229

spinal cord, marrow; myeloblasts, cells of the bone marrow

Front 230

myo-

Back 230

muscle; myocardium, heart muscle

Front 231

nano-

Back 231

dwarf; nanometer, one-billionth of a meter

Front 232

narco-

Back 232

numbness; narcotic, a drug producing stupor or numbed sensation

Front 233

natri-

Back 233

sodium; atrial natriuretic peptide, a sodium-regulating hormone

Front 234

necro-

Back 234

death; necrosis, tissue death

Front 235

neo-

Back 235

new; neoplasm, an abnormal growth

Front 236

nephro-

Back 236

kidney; nephritis, inflammation of the kidney

Front 237

neuro-

Back 237

nerve; neurophysiology, the physiology of the nervouse system

Front 238

noci-

Back 238

harmful; nociceptors, receptors for pain

Front 239

nom-

Back 239

name; innominate artery, innominate bone

Front 240

noto-

Back 240

back; notochord, the embryonic structure that precedes the vertebral column

Front 241

nucle-

Back 241

pit, kernel, little nut; nucleus

Front 242

nutri-

Back 242

feed, nourish; nutrition

Front 243

ob-

Back 243

before, against; obstruction, impeding or blocking up

Front 244

oculo-

Back 244

eye; monocular, pertaining to one eye

Front 245

odonto-

Back 245

teeth; orthodontist, one who specializes in proper positioning of the teeth in relation to each other

Front 246

olfact-

Back 246

smell; olfactory nerves

Front 247

oligo-

Back 247

few; oligodendrocytes, neuroglial cells with few branches

Front 248

onco-

Back 248

a mass; oncology, study of cancer

Front 249

oo-

Back 249

egg; oocyte, precursor of femal gamete

Front 250

ophthalmo-

Back 250

eye; opthalmology, the study of the eyes and related disease

Front 251

orb-

Back 251

circular; orbicularis oculi, muscle that encircles the eye

Front 252

orchi-

Back 252

testis; cryptorchidism, failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum

Front 253

org-

Back 253

living; organism

Front 254

ortho-

Back 254

straight, direct; orthopedic, correction of deformities of the musculoskeletal system

Front 255

osm-

Back 255

smell; anosmia, loss of sense of smell

Front 256

osmo-

Back 256

pushing; osmosis

Front 257

osteo-

Back 257

bone; osteodermia, bony formations in the skin

Front 258

oto-

Back 258

ear; otoscope, a device for examining the ear

Front 259

ov-, ovi-

Back 259

egg; ovum, oviduct

Front 260

oxy-

Back 260

oxygen; oxygenation, the sturation of a substance with oxygen

Front 261

pan-

Back 261

all, universal; panacea, a cure-all

Front 262

papill-

Back 262

nipple; dermal papillae, projections of the dermis into the epidermal area

Front 263

para-

Back 263

beside, near; paranuclear, beside the nucleus

Front 264

pect-, pectus-

Back 264

breast; pectoralis major, a large chest muscle

Front 265

pelv-

Back 265

a basin; pelvic girdle, which cragles the pelvic organs

Front 266

peni-

Back 266

a tail; penis; penile urethra

Front 267

penna-

Back 267

feather; unipennate, bipennate muscles, whose facicles have a feathered appearanc

Front 268

pent-

Back 268

five; pentose, a 5-carbon sugar

Front 269

pep-, peps-, pept-

Back 269

digest, pepsin, a digestive enzyme of the stomach; peptic ulcer

Front 270

per-, permea-

Back 270

through; permeate, permeable

Front 271

peri-

Back 271

around, perianal, situated around the anus

Front 272

phago-

Back 272

eat; phagocyte, a cell that engulfs and digests prticles or cells

Front 273

pheno-

Back 273

show, appear; phenotype, the physical appearance of an individual

Front 274

phleb-

Back 274

vein; phlebitis, nflammation of the vens

Front 275

pia

Back 275

tender; pia mater, delicate inner membrane around the brain and spinal cord

Front 276

pili

Back 276

hair; arrctor pili muscles of the skin, which make the hairs stand erect

Front 277

pin-, pino-

Back 277

drink; pinocytosis, the engulfing of small particles by a cell

Front 278

platy-

Back 278

flat, broad; platysma, broad, flat muscle of the neck

Front 279

pleur-

Back 279

side, rib; plcural serosa, the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs

Front 280

plex-, plexus

Back 280

net, network; brachial plexus, the network of nerves that supplies the arm

Front 281

pneumo-

Back 281

air, wind; pneumothorax, air in the thoracic cavity

Front 282

pod-

Back 282

foot; podiatry, the treatment of foot disorders

Front 283

poly-

Back 283

multiple; polymorphism, multiple forms

Front 284

post-

Back 284

after, behind; posterior, places behind (a specific) pat

Front 285

pre-, pro-

Back 285

before, ahead of; prenatal, before brith

Front 286

procto-

Back 286

rectum, anus; proctoscope, an instrument for examining the rectum

Front 287

pron-

Back 287

bent forward; prone, pronate

Front 288

propri-

Back 288

one's own; proprioception, awareness of bodyparts and movement

Front 289

pseudo-

Back 289

false; pseudotumor, a false tumor

Front 290

psycho-

Back 290

mind, psyche; psychogram, a chart of personality traits

Front 291

ptos-

Back 291

fall; renal ptosis, a codition in which the kidneys drift below their normal position

Front 292

pub-

Back 292

of the pubis, puberty

Front 293

pulmo-

Back 293

lung; pulmonary artery, which brings blood to the lungs

Front 294

pyo-

Back 294

pus; pyocyst, a cyst that contains pus

Front 295

pyro-

Back 295

fire; pyrogen, a substance that induces fevr

Front 296

quad-, quadr-

Back 296

four-sided; quadratus lumborum, a muscle with a aquare shape

Front 297

re-

Back 297

back, again; reinfect

Front 298

rect-

Back 298

straight; rectusabdominis, rectum

Front 299

ren-

Back 299

kidney; renal, renin, an enzyme secreted by the kidney

Front 300

retin, retic-

Back 300

net, network; endoplasmic reticulum, a network of membranous sacs within a cell

Front 301

retro-

Back 301

backward, behind; retrogression, to move backward in development

Front 302

rheum-

Back 302

watery flow, change or flux; rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever

Front 303

rhin-, rhino-

Back 303

nose; rhinitis, inflammation of the nose

Front 304

ruga-

Back 304

fold, wrinkle; rugae, the folds of thestomach, gallbladder, and urinary bladder

Front 305

sagitt-

Back 305

arrow; sagittal (directional term)

Front 306

salta-

Back 306

leap; saltatory conduction, the rapid conduction of impulses along myelinated neurons

Front 307

sanguin-

Back 307

blood; consanguineous, indicative of a genetic relationship between individuals

Front 308

sarco-

Back 308

flesh; sarcomere, unit of contraction in skeletal muscle

Front 309

saphen-

Back 309

visible, clear; great saphnouse vein, superficial vein of the thigh and leg

Front 310

sclero-

Back 310

hard; sclerodermatitis, inflammatory thickening and hardening of the skin

Front 311

seb-

Back 311

grease; sebum, the oil of the skin

Front 312

semen

Back 312

seed, sperm; semen, the discharge of the male reproductive system

Front 313

semi-

Back 313

half; semicircular, having the form of half a circle

Front 314

sens-

Back 314

felling; sensation, sensory

Front 315

septi-

Back 315

rotten; sepsis, infection, antiseptic

Front 316

septum

Back 316

fence; nasal septum

Front 317

sero-

Back 317

serum; serological tests, which assess blodd confitions

Front 318

serrat-

Back 318

saw; serratus aterior, a muscle of the chest wall that has a jagged edge

Front 319

sin-, sino-

Back 319

a hollow; sinuses of the skull

Front 320

soma-

Back 320

body; somatic nervouse system

Front 321

somn-

Back 321

sleep; insomnia, inability to sleep

Front 322

sphin-

Back 322

squeeze; sphincter

Front 323

splanchn-

Back 323

organ; splanchnic nerve, autonomic supply to abdominal viscera

Front 324

spondyl-

Back 324

vertebra; ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis affecting the spine

Front 325

squam-

Back 325

scale, flat; squamous epithelium, squamouse suture of th skull

Front 326

steno-

Back 326

narrow; stenocariasis, narrowing of the pupil

Front 327

strat-

Back 327

layer; strata of the epiderms, stratified epithelium

Front 328

stria-

Back 328

furrow, streak; striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue

Front 329

stroma

Back 329

spread out; striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue

Front 330

sub-

Back 330

beneath, under; sublingual, beneath the tongue

Front 331

sucr-

Back 331

sweet; sucrose, table sugar

Front 332

sudor-

Back 332

sweat; sudoriferous glands, the sweat glands

Front 333

super-

Back 333

above, upon; superior, quality or state of being above others of a part

Front 334

supra-

Back 334

above, upon; supracondylar, above a condyle

Front 335

sym-, syn-

Back 335

together, with; synapse, the region of communication between two neurons

Front 336

synerg-

Back 336

work together; synergism

Front 337

systol-

Back 337

contractions; systole, contracton of the heart

Front 338

tachy-

Back 338

rapid; tachycardia, abnormally rapid heartbeat

Front 339

tact-

Back 339

touch; tactile sense

Front 340

telo-

Back 340

the end; telophase, the end of mitosis

Front 341

templ-, tempo-

Back 341

time; temporal summation of nerve impulses

Front 342

tens-

Back 342

stretched; muscle tension

Front 343

terti-

Back 343

third; fibularis tertius, one of three fibularis muscles

Front 344

tetan-

Back 344

rigid, tense; tetanus of muscles

Front 345

therm-

Back 345

heat; thermometer, an instrument used to measure heat

Front 346

thromb-

Back 346

clot; thrombocyte, thrombus

Front 347

thyro-

Back 347

a shield; thyroid gland

Front 348

tissu-

Back 348

woven; tissue

Front 349

tono-

Back 349

tension; tonicity, hypertonic

Front 350

tox-

Back 350

poison; toxicology, study of poisons

Front 351

trab-

Back 351

beam, timber; trabeculae, spicules of bone in spongy bone tissue

Front 352

trans-

Back 352

across, through; transpleural, through the pleura

Front 353

trapez-

Back 353

table; trapezius, the four-sided muscle of the upper back

Front 354

tri-

Back 354

three; trifurcation, division into three branches

Front 355

trop-

Back 355

turn, change; tropic hormones, whose targets are endocrine glands

Front 356

troph-

Back 356

nourish; trophoblast, from which develops the fetal portion of the placenta

Front 357

tuber-

Back 357

swelling; tuberosity, a bump on a bone

Front 358

tunie-

Back 358

covering; tunica albuginea, the covering of the testis

Front 359

tyrnpan-

Back 359

drum; tympanic membrane, the eardrum

Front 360

ultra-

Back 360

beyond; ultraviolet radiation, beyond the band of visible light

Front 361

vacc-

Back 361

cow; vaccine

Front 362

vagin-

Back 362

a sheath; vagina

Front 363

vagus

Back 363

wanderer; the vagus nerve, which starts at the brain and travels into the abdominopelvic cavity

Front 364

valen-

Back 364

strength; valence shells of atoms

Front 365

venter, ventr-

Back 365

abdomen, belly; ventral (directional term), ventricle

Front 366

vent-

Back 366

the wind; pulmonary ventilation

Front 367

vert-

Back 367

turn; vertebral column

Front 368

vestibul-

Back 368

a porch; vestibule, the anterior entryway to the mouth and nose

Front 369

vibr-

Back 369

shake, quiver; vibrissae, hairs of the nasal vestibule

Front 370

villus

Back 370

shaggy hair; microvilli, which have the appearance of hair in light microscopy

Front 371

viscero-

Back 371

organ, viscera; visceroinhibitory, inhibiting the movements of the viscera

Front 372

viseos-

Back 372

sticky; viscosity, resistance to flow

Front 373

vita-

Back 373

life; vitamin

Front 374

vitre-

Back 374

glass; vitreous humor, the clear jelly of the eye

Front 375

viv-

Back 375

live; in vivo

Front 376

vulv-

Back 376

a covering; vulva, the female external genitalia

Front 377

zyg-

Back 377

a yoke, twin; zygote

Front 378

-able

Back 378

able to, capable of; viable, ability to live or exist

Front 379

-ac

Back 379

referring to; cardiac, referring to the heart

Front 380

-algia

Back 380

pain in a certain part; neuralgia, pain along the course of a nerve

Front 381

-apsi

Back 381

juncture; synapse, where two neurons communicate

Front 382

-ary

Back 382

associated with, relating to; coronary, associated with the heart

Front 383

-asthen

Back 383

weakness; myasthenia gravis, a disease involving paralysis

Front 384

-bryo

Back 384

swollen; embryo

Front 385

-cide

Back 385

destroy or kill; germicide, an agent that kills germs

Front 386

-cipit

Back 386

head; occipital

Front 387

-clast

Back 387

break; osteoclast, a cell that dissolves bone matrix

Front 388

-crine

Back 388

separate; endocrine organs, which secrete hormones into the blood

Front 389

-dips

Back 389

thirst, dry; polydipsia, excessive thirst associated with diabetes

Front 390

-ectomy

Back 390

cutting out, surgical removal; appendectomy, cutting out of the appendix

Front 391

-ell, -elle

Back 391

small; organelle

Front 392

-emia

Back 392

condition of the blood; anemia, deficiency of red blood cells

Front 393

-esthesi

Back 393

sensation; anesthesia, lack of sensation

Front 394

-ferent

Back 394

carry; efferent nerves, nerves carrying impulses away from the CNS

Front 395

-form, -forma

Back 395

shape; cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Front 396

-fuge

Back 396

driving out; vermifuge, a substance that expels worms of the intestine

Front 397

-gen

Back 397

an agent that initiates; pathogen, any agent that produces disease

Front 398

-glea, -glia

Back 398

glue; neuroglia, the connective tissue of the nervous system

Front 399

-gram

Back 399

data that are systematically recorded, a record; electrocardiogram, a recording showing action of the heart

Front 400

-graph

Back 400

an instrument used for recording data or writing; electrocardiograph, an instrument used to make an electrocardiogram

Front 401

-ia

Back 401

condition; insomnia, condition of not being able to sleep

Front 402

-iatrics

Back 402

medical specialty; geriatrics, the branch of medicine dealing with disease associated with old age

Front 403

-ism

Back 403

condition; hyperthyroidism

Front 404

-itis

Back 404

inflammation; gastritis, inflammation of the stomach

Front 405

-lemma

Back 405

sheath, husk; sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a muscle cell

Front 406

-logy

Back 406

the study of; pathology, the study of changes in structure and function brought on by disease

Front 407

-lysis

Back 407

loosening or breaking down; hydrolysis, chemical decomposition of a compound into other compounds as a result of taking up water

Front 408

-malacia

Back 408

soft; osteomalacia, a process leading to bone softening

Front 409

-mania

Back 409

obsession, compulsion; erotomania, exaggeration of the sexual passions

Front 410

-nata

Back 410

birth; prenatal development

Front 411

-nom

Back 411

govern; autonomic nervous system

Front 412

-odyn

Back 412

pain; coccygodynia, pain in the region of the coccyx

Front 413

-oid

Back 413

like, resembling; cuboid, shaped as a cube

Front 414

-oma

Back 414

tumor; lymphoma, a tumor of the lymphatic tissues

Front 415

-opia

Back 415

defect of the eye; myopia, nearsightedness

Front 416

-ory

Back 416

referring to, of; auditory, referring to hearing

Front 417

-pathy

Back 417

disease; osteopathy, any disease of the bone

Front 418

-phasia

Back 418

speech; aphasia, lack of ability to speak

Front 419

-phil, -philo

Back 419

like, lover; hydrophilic, water-attracting molecules

Front 420

-phobia

Back 420

fear; acrophobia, fear of hights

Front 421

-phragm

Back 421

partition; diaphragm, which separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Front 422

-phylax

Back 422

gaurd, presearve; prophylaxis, to guard in advance, as in preventive treatment

Front 423

-plas

Back 423

grow; neoplasia, an abnormal growth

Front 424

-plasm

Back 424

form, shape; cytoplasm

Front 425

-plasty

Back 425

reconstruction of a part, plastic surgery; rhinoplasty, reconstruction of the nose through surgery

Front 426

-plegia

Back 426

paralysis; paraplegia, paralysis of the lower half of the body or lower limbs

Front 427

-rrhagia

Back 427

abnormal or excessive discharge; metrorrhagia, uterine hemorrhage

Front 428

-rrhea

Back 428

flow or discharge; diarrhea, abnormal emptying of the bowels

Front 429

-scope

Back 429

instrument used for exaination; stethoscope, instrument used to listen tosounds of the parts of the body

Front 430

-some

Back 430

body; chromosome

Front 431

-sorb

Back 431

suck in; absorb

Front 432

-stalsis

Back 432

compression; peristalsis, muscular contractions that propel food along the digestive tract

Front 433

-stitia

Back 433

come to stand; interstitial fluid, between the cells

Front 434

-stomy

Back 434

establishment of an artificial opening; enterostomy, the formation of an artificial opening into the intestine through the abdominal wall

Front 435

-tegm

Back 435

cove; intergument

Front 436

-tomy

Back 436

to cut; appendectomy, surgical removal of the appendix

Front 437

-trud

Back 437

thrust; protrude, detrusor muscle

Front 438

-ty

Back 438

condition of, state; immunity, condition of being resistant to infection or disease

Front 439

-uria

Back 439

urine; polyuria, passage of an excessive amount of urine

Front 440

-zyme

Back 440

ferment; enzyme