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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Iron Deficient Anemia
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A decrease in the number of red cells in the blood caused by too little iron.
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Iron Deficient Anemia: Causes
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Rapid growth
Insufficient dietary iron (too much milk/formula) Blood loss |
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Iron Deficient Anemia: Clinical Manifestations
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Pallor
Tachycardia Systolic Murmurs Irritability Restlessness |
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Iron Deficient Anemia: Diagnosis
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CBC with Diff
Retic count Iron studies (Hgb 7-10=> Anemia) |
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Iron Deficient Anemia: Treatment
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Decrease Formula
ELIMINATE Milk (<8oz/day) Iron Supplementation (6mg/kg/day elemental iron) |
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Iron Deficient Anemia: Nursing Considerations
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Education
-Iron admin. in back of mouth -Stools become black and hard -Family influence (don't have milk in home) |
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Sickle Cell Disease
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Autosomal recessive trait resulting in abnormalities of the hemoglobin molecule. Sickling occurs with de-oxygenation.
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Sickle Cell Disease: Complications
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Result from occlusion of blood vessels from sickled cells
-Vaso-occlusive crisis -Splenic Sequestration -Aplasia -CVA -Acute Chest Syndrome -Priapism |
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Sickle Cell Disease: Acute Chest Syndrome
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Leading cause of death in SCD pts. >10
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Sickle Cell Disease: Symptoms of Acute Chest Syndrome
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Fever
Chest/back pain Decreased O2 sat Cough Dyspnea |
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Sickle Cell Disease: Treatment of Acute Chest Syndrome
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IV antibiotics/Steroids
Pain/Fever control (NSAID's) Maintenance fluids Monitoring Bronchial Lavage Exchange Transfusions |
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Sickle Cell Disease: Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
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Acute episodes of severe pain that can occur anywhere in the body. May be isolated or in multiple sites.
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Sickle Cell Disease: Treatment of Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
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Hydration
Pain Management: -Opioids -NSAID's |
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Sickle Cell Disease: Priapism
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Persistent, painful , unwanted erection. May be stuttering or prolonged.
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Sickle Cell Disease: Treatment of Priapism
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Hydration
Pain Management Irrigation of the copora cavernosa Exchange transfusion Avoid temp. extremes |
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Sickle Cell Disease: Splenic Sequestration
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Infarction of the spleen at the microvascular level. The spleen becomes enlarged by trapping the abnormal RBCs.
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Sickle Cell Disease: Symptoms of Splenic Sequestration
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Rapidly enlarging abdomen w/ L side pain
Dyspnea/cardio collapse/shock Pallor Weakness |
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Sickle Cell Disease: Treatment of Splenic Sequestration
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ST:
-Restore Cardiovascular volume LT: -Chronic transfusion program -Splenectomy |
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Sickle Cell Disease: Aplasia
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Temporary cessation of bone marrow function. Usually follows an infection.
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Sickle Cell Disease: Treatment of Aplasia
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Supportive care
-Packed RBC transfusions -Treat infection |
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Sickle Cell Disease: Infection
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Leading cause of death in SCD. Most commonly caused by Strep and H. influ.
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Sickle Cell Disease: Prevention of Infection
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Prophylaxis
Young children: -125mg BID amoxicilian Older children: -250mg BID amoxicilian |
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Sickle Cell Disease: Nursing considerations
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Avoid hypoxic situations
Folate supplementation (1mg/day) Genetic Counseling |
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Hemophilia
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X-linked congenital bleeding disorder. Protein defficiency effects normal clotting.
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Hemophilia A
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Factor VII deficiency. 85% of all hemophilia
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Hemophilia B
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Factor IX deficiency
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Hemophilia: Manifestations
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Excessive prolonged bleeding
Hemarthrosis |
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Hemophilia: Treatment
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Factor replacement therapy
Treat at first sign of bleed -RICE Prophylactic use of factor |
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Hemophilia: Nursing Considerations
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Family teaching
Genetic counseling |
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Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura
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Acquired hemorrhagic disorder resulting in excess destruction of circulating platelets.
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Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura: Clinical Manisfestations
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Petechiae/purpura
Decreased circulating platelets Healthy looking child |
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Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura: Treatment
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Observation
Steroids -only given after bone marrow biopsy IVIG WinRhO -must be Rh+ Slenectomy (rare) |
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
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IgA mediated vasculitis
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura: Clinical Manifestations
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JARS
-joints (arthritis) -abdominal pain -renal (hematuria, proteinuria) -skin (purpura) |
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura: Treatment
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Steroids
Fluids Blood transfusions |
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Cancer: Treatment
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Chemo
Radiation Surgery Bone Marrow Transplant |
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Leukemia
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Unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cells in the blood forming tissue.
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Leukemia: Diagnosis
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Blood Smear
Bone Marrow -Both reveal high number of immature cells or blasts. |
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Leukemia: Clinical Manifestations
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Present with:
-fever -pallor -bone/joint pain -fatigue -anorexia -hemorrhage Anemia Infection Bleeding Hepatosplenomegaly |
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Leukemia: 2 Major Types
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Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) |
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Leukemia: ALL
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3 sub-types (L1, L2, L3)
L1 is the most common and has best prognosis |
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Leukemia: AML
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8 sub-types
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Hodgkin Disease
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Originates in the lymph system and involves the lymph nodes. Affects primarily adolescents
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Hodgkin Disease: Clinical Manifestations
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Presents as painless enlargement of lymph nodes (enlarged, firm, non-tender movable nodes in supra-clavicular or cervical area)
-fever -weight loss -night sweats -enlarged liver -enlarged spleen |
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Hodgkin Disease: Metastasize
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Spleen
Liver Bone Marrow Lungs Mediastinum |
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Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
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Similar to Hodgkin disease but is:
-diffuse rather then nodular -cell type is undiff. or poorly diff. -dissemination occurs earlier, more often and more rapidly -mediastinal involvement and invasion of meninges occur -May present as Burkett's |
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Burkett's Lymphoma
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Rapidly growing neoplasm most commonly seen as a mass in the jaw, abdomen or orbit
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