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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the 4 classes of β-Lactam Antibiotics.
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1) Penicillins
2) Cephalosporins 3) Carbapenems 4) Monobactams |
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β-Lactams bind to penicillin-binding proteins located where on the bacteria?
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Bacterial cell membrane
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What is the mechanism that make β-Lactams bactericidal?
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Inhibiting the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis
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By activating bacterial autolytic enzymes what do β-Lactams achieve?
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Initate bacterial cell lysis
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Penicillium chrysogenum is a fungus known to produce which β-Lactam drug naturally?
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Penicillin G
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What pregnancy category are penicillins?
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Category B
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What are the 3 first generation penicillinase-resistant penicillins?
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1) Dicloxacillin
2) Nafcillin 3) Oxacillin |
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Name the 2 Aminopenicillins.
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1) Amoxicillin
2) Ampicillin |
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What is another name for Amoxicillin-Sulbactam?
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Unasyn
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What is another name for Piperacillin-Tazobactam?
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Zosyn
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Most PCN's are excreted through the kidney's with the exception of what 3 which are mostly metabolized by the liver.
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1) Nafcillin
2) Oxacillin 3) Piperacillin |
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When ampicillin is given to someone with mono a typical morbilliform skin rash is seen, what other drug when given with ampicillin can cause a similar reaction?
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Allopurinol
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Which pregnancy category is Vancomycin?
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Category C
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All Macrolides are pregnancy category B except which 2 that are category C?
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Clarithromycin and Telithromycin
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Which group of antibiotics are products of Actinomycetes?
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Macrolides
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Macrolides reversibly bind to what subunit of the bacterial ribosome?
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Large 50S subunit
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By what mechanism are Macrolides bacteriostatic?
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Inhibit RNA-dependant protein synthesis
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TRUE or FALSE
Vancomycin is bacteriostatic against enterococci but bactericidal against staph and strep |
TRUE
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Red Man syndrome usually seen with Vancomycin is caused by release of what systemically?
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Histamine
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Red Man syndrome can be avoided by slowing infusion or fast infusion?
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Slowing infusion
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Macrolides are bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
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Bacteriostatic
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Which macrolide inhibits the hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) pathway?
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Erythromycin
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Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
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Bactericidal
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Which class of abx inhibit bacterial DNA replication via inhibition of DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase 2)?
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Fluoruinolones
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What pregnancy class are fluoroquinolones?
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Pregnancy class C
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Fluorquinolones cannot be taken at the same time as what drug, which can inhibit its absorption?
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Antacids containing (Ca, Mg, Al)
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Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
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Bacteriostatic
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Which class of drugs inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome?
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Tetracyclines
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In addition to being bacteriostatic, Tetracyclines also have what 2 additional properties?
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1) Anti-inflammatory
2) Anti-Collagenolytic |
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What pregnancy category are Tetracyclines?
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Pregnancy category D
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This drug is the only Tetracycline acceptable for use in patients with renal failure?
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Doxycycline
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What is a relative contraindication for Tetracyclines?
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Severe Liver disease
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Which class of abx has the potential to cause Fanconi's syndrome?
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Tetracyclines
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Which tetracycline has been associated with Diabetes Inspidus?
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Demeclocycline
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Which class of abx should NOT be used in patients with Myasthenia Gravis?
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Tetracyclines
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Rifamycins are derived from the soil mold Streptomyces and are bactericidal or static?
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Bactericidal for both intracellular and extracellular organisms
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Rifampin is what pregnancy category?
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Pregnancy category C
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This abx can cause orange discoloration of the urine and permanent staining of soft contact lenses.
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Rifampin
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Sulfamethoxazole is an analog of what compound?
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PABA
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PABA is an essential component of what in our bodies?
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Essential in folic acid synthesis
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Bactrim is pregnancy class what?
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Pregnancy class C
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What drug is a combination fixed ratio of 1 part trimethoprim to 5 parts sulfamethoxazole?
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Bactrim
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Sulfanomides are bacteriostatic or cidal?
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Bacteriostatic by competitive antagonism of dihydorpteroate synthetase, blocking bacterial synthesis of reduce folic acid
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Bactrim is metabolized by the liver and excreted by what?
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the kidney
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Patients on long-term Bactrim therapy should have what lab test monitored?
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CBC since it can cause aplastic anemia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia
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Bactrim can cause hemolytic anemia in what set of patients?
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Those with G6PD deficiency
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Since Bactrim is a folate antagonist it is contraindicated in patients with what?
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Megaloblastic anemia
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Clindamycin is a derivative of lincomycin and is bacteriostatic or cidal?
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Bacteriostatic
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Clindamycin binds to what portion of the bacterial ribosome?
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50S portion and blocks protein synthesis
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What pregnancy class is Clindamycin in?
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Pregnancy class B
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What is the main abx used in the class of Oxazolidinones?
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Linezolid
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What class of abx is Tigecycline structurally similar to?
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Tetracycline
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Linezolid is binds to the what portion of the 50S ribosomal unit?
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23S portion of the 50S ribosomal unit
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Linezolid pregnancy class what?
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Pregnancy class C
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3 drugs can be used off label to treat children for Onychomycosis, what are they?
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1) Terbinafine
2) Itraconazole 3) Fluconazole |
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Tinea Capitis is best treated with systemic antifungals in order to penetrate the hair shaft, what 4 drugs can be used?
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1) Griseofulvin
2) Terbinafine 3) Itraconazole 4) Fluconazole |
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The only 2 oral antifungals that will help to treat Tinea Versicolor are...
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1) Terbinafine
2) Ketoconazole |
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Griseofulvin, Terbinafine, Itraconazole, Fluconazole and Ketoconazole can all be used to treat what 3 fungal infections?
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1) Tinea Corporis
2) Tinea Cruris 3) Tinea Pedis |
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Terbinafine is contraindicated in patines with what active disease?
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Chronic or Active Liver Disease
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Patients with evidence of ventricular dysfunction, such as CHF should not be given which anti fungal?
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Itraconazole
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Both Itraconazole and Fluconazole can cause what EKG abnormality in rare cases?
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QT prolongation and torsades
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This anti fungal is contraindicated in pts with porphyria or hepatocellular failure.
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Griseofulvin
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